国际社会对贸易自由化与国际劳工标准的辩论

20世纪 90年代以来 ,随着全球化和贸易自由化的迅猛发展 ,引发了国际社会关于贸易自由化与国际劳工标准挂钩的辩论 ,各种相关的国际组织和工会对此问题展开了激烈的争论 ,虽然最终并没有争出胜负 ,但也在某些方面达成了共识。     

国际金融动荡与我国宏观经济政策的调整

始于2011年夏季的国际金融动荡,持续发酵,世界经济随之进入了多事之秋。国际金融动荡对世界经济和中国经济产生了双重影响：一是打断了世界经济复苏的进程;二是使中国经济增速趋缓、通胀压力增大。应对国际金融动荡对我国经济的影响,需要及时调整宏观经济政策：以＂以民为本＂的财政政策为突破口,以更新货币政策和恢复发展资本市场为两翼,建立扩大消费需求的长效机制,实现国民经济持续稳定发展。     

借鉴与创新：从推广中途之家到创建社区矫正职业

中途之家是矫正工作领域中的新生事物,在中国的广大城市乃至乡村中具有不可估量的推广发展前景。开办和推广中途之家标志着中国社区矫正机构的重要进步。而与此相匹配的下一步发展要求,应该是中国社区矫正工作人员队伍的职业化。北京市的阳光中途之家的模式要求中途站不仅要向社区服刑人员和刑释解教人员提供临时住宿之类生活救济,而且更要提供教育矫正、技能培训、就业指导、心理咨询等各个方面的服务。实现社区矫正的职业化,必须制定相关法律或法规,由专业化的矫正官员组成社区矫正工作者核心队伍,明确规定他们必须具有与社区矫正工作相关的专业资格和经验,并享有相应的薪金和福利及任职和晋升条件。     

国际贸易法律文本中缩略语浅析

随着我国加入WTO,我国的国际贸易发展迅速,国际贸易额已占世界领先地位.为了更好地加快我国对外贸易的发展步伐,更准确地理解国际贸易的相关法律法规以及惯例等法律文本,有必要对国际贸易法律文本中出现的缩略语现象进行探讨和分析.     

国际形势演进中的当代资本主义

第二次世界大战结束以来,在时代主题转换、冷战格局存续、多极化趋势发展、经济全球化深入等方面的国际形势演进中,当代资本主义既扮演了重要角色,又受到这些方面国际形势的重要影响。考察国际形势演进中的当代资本主义,不仅有利于深入认识国际形势演变与当代资本主义的关系,而且有利于深入认识中国特色社会主义建设的国际环境。     

Reform of International Monetary System and Construction of Global Monetary Security Mechanism: Connections and Problems

The international monetary system is the basis to establishing a comprehensive global financial safety mechanism. To understand the internal connections between the reform of the international monetary system and the global safety mechanism has important policy implications. The reform of the international monetary system and the construction of the global safety network are inherently related to each other. Risk management and crisis response are the functions of the international monetary system and serve to ensure the safety of the global fi nancial system; liquidity management and international exchange rate coordination are conducive to the maintenance of the stability of the global financial system. International exchange rate coordination, the control of spillover effect of US monetary policies and the reform of governance structures of the international monetary system contribute to global fi nancial safety. However, the reform of the international monetary system and the establishment of the global fi nancial safety mechanism are faced with problems such as Triffin Dilemma, the technical shortcomings of global financial system, the ill coordination of global and regional fi nancial security network and the growing number of political issues involved. In order to build a sound global fi nancial safety system, cooperation should be enhanced in the following fi ve aspects: to promote the reform of the Bretton Woods institutions; to build the global financial safety network; to establish the liquidity management system; to facilitate the construction of the super sovereign currency; and to deepen regional monetary cooperation.     

Dyadic Effects,Relevance, and the Empirical Assessment of the Kantian Peace

Dyadic effects to a large extent account for the difficulty of explaining and predicting international conflict. In this study, I derive a statistical model to estimate unobserved dyadic effects in the dyadic analysis of conflict. The proposed model employs a hierarchical modeling approach to estimate dyadic effects, thereby avoiding the problems caused by the use of fixed effects models. Furthermore, it simultaneously addresses the important sample selection issue of identifying relevant dyads. I show that the estimation of dyadic effects significantly improves the model fit and generates several interesting findings. Substantively, this study makes an important contribution to the empirical evaluation of the Kantian peace. It argues that international organizations increase the likelihood of conflict of interest between member states but reduce the probability of militarized conflict. I demonstrate that the positive coefficient of international organizations in Oneal and Russett (1999) is biased in the positive direction. When the proposed statistical model is used, international organizations, together with trade and democracy, reduce the probability of conflict.     

税收协定的国内适用——基于《企业所得税法》第58条的考察

《企业所得税法》第58条试图全面解决税收协定在国内适用的三个问题,即条约的国内法效力、适用方式和法律位阶。对于如何理解第58条中的"不同规定"与"办理",存在"绝对主权说"和"国际条约说"之争。虽然两种学说的理论依据和具体主张有所不同,但它们均以维护法律体系的纯粹性为最高目标。这两种学说并不符合中国的混合一元条约适用体制。当前,中国应采取更具实质主义导向的方法适用税收协定。     

从国际人权公约谈赦免的法制化

根据国际人权公约的规定,任何被判处死刑的人有权请求赦免。我国目前的赦免未完全脱离传统的赦免,应建立现代赦免制度以实现其社会功能。因此,首先要修正我国人权宪政体制,其次制定赦免法,增设赦免种类,设立专门机构受理赦免案件。     

国际集装箱运输推动西伯利亚铁路运输发展

西伯利亚铁路国际集装箱运输近年来稳定增长,推进了西伯利亚铁路的基础设施的现代化建设。作为重要的欧亚大陆桥,西伯利亚铁路面临着其他线路的竞争和自身软硬件的不足等问题,同时也面临着重要的发展机遇。