Quasi-National European Identity and European Democracy

Democracy may well be the primary virtue of political systems. Yet European politics is marked by a democracy deficit that will not disappear spontaneously. While legal and political theory on this issue is dominated by supporters of civic institutionalism and constitutional republicanism, liberal nationalists seem to be split. They justify the civic nationhood of member states, but they shrink away from the idea of a European people. This essay claims that a quasi-national conception of European identity can be conducive to the rise of a democratic political union of Europe. It discusses the mechanisms and rules for Europeanization of the sense of equal dignity and solidarity. This approach to supranational identity is explicitly instrumental and orientated towards the long run. However, the main liberal objections against it can be countered.     

国际法院作用探讨

国际法院是联合国的主要司法机关 ,但尚未发挥其应有的作用。本文在《国际法院规约》的范围内 ,从国际法院管辖权的角度 ,探讨了加强国际法院作用的现实途径 :有所侧重地利用其诉讼管辖 ;充分利用具有多种优势的特别分庭 ;而咨询管辖则为国际组织提供了预防与解决争端的新途径。     

国际人权条约的形式分析

国际人权条约是国际人权法最重要的渊源。本文从形式角度研究了国际人权条约 ,介绍了国际人权条约的名称 ,区分了国际人权条约的类别 ,总结了国际人权条约的形式特点 ,并分析了国际人权条约的结构。     

关于酷刑罪的思考

酷刑罪是国际公约所禁止的一种犯罪。它有着特定的界定与构成要件。我国刑法虽然没有规定酷刑罪的罪名,但就属于酷刑罪的一些行为作出了罪刑规定。     

国际人权与死刑──以国际人权法为线索的分析兼及中国的应对

国际人权法对死刑的态度经历了由放任到限制再到废除的转变。《世界人权宣言》对死刑以沉默显示放任;《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》等对死刑转向了限制;《旨在废除死刑的〈公民权利与政治权利国际公约〉第二议定书》等对死刑明令废除。中国现行死刑制度与国际人权法的要求尚存较大距离,应该采取必要的应对措施尽快缩短这一距离。     

论警察教育训练的国际合作

警察教育国际合作是世界各国之间涉及警察教育训练的制度、法律法规、教育观念、教育理论、人才培养、教育管理等多方面的协作交流活动。加强警察教育培训的国际合作,对于履行警察职责、世界警务发展、发展警察教育事业都有重要意义。合作的范围有代培警官、互派教官讲学、开展学术交流等方面。各国警察部门要高度重视,发挥国际刑警组织渠道作用、积极参加国际会议与交流、签订合作协议、研究外国警察业务和学习相关知识,不断增进警察教育训练的国际合作。     

The Climate Change Regime: An Enviro-Economic Problem and International Administrative Law in the Making

The climate change problem, or global warming, has gained a prominent place on the international political agenda, since the mid-1980s, when it first attracted political attention. The problem was initially perceived mainly as an environmental problem that could be resolved by technological solutions, its current perception, this essay argues, is best characterized as that of an enviro-economic problem. A perception that is exemplified by the ongoing negotiations for the development of economic mechanisms to tackle the problem. The climate change arena is a complex one, involving dichotomies between developed and developing countries, between fossil fuel producing and importing countries and between small island developing states and other states. This essay outlines the interests that play a role in the climate change negotiations and discusses the international climate change regime as contained in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. It concludes that the climate change negotiations are complicated by the fact that the negotiators, in addition to developing new substantive rules for a complex problem, are involved in developing new systemic rules for the international legal system. These new systemic rules have more in common with rules of national systems of public or administrative law than with traditional rules of international law, which have many similarities with national systems of contract law.     

A Century of Green Lessons: The Contribution of Nature Conservation Regimes to Global Governance

This paper reviews the lessons learned over the past 100 years in international management and conservation of the Earth's natural heritage and biological resources (fauna and flora), in the face of growing threats of degradation and extinction. The focus is on the effectiveness of intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions – in terms of agenda-setting, regime formation, implementation and compliance, and reactions to non-compliance. Among specific case histories analysed are the ivory trade ban, the whaling moratorium, and attempts at establishing an international forest regime. Innovative governance features highlighted in the field of global living resource management include active NGO participation, the use of selective economic incentives and disincentives (e.g. multilateral or bilateral trade sanctions), and a number of judicial enforcement remedies for both species-based and area-based conservation agreements. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects of transition from the paradigm of 'permanent sovereignty over natural resources' towards new concepts of public trusteeship and stewardship.     

外国法查明中的专家侵权责任研究

外国法专家因过错出具错误外国法意见并造成当事人损害的，应依照过错责任原则承担侵权责任。外国法查明错误造成的损害，既可以是财产性损害，也可能是非财产性损害如精神损害。只有当外国法专家对损失的发生有过错时才承担责任。专家应当赔偿的损害包括财产损害和非财产损害。出具外国法意见的专家，不得通过约定预先排除其过错责任。     

黄金价格影响因素的实证分析

选择汇率、通货膨胀率、原油价格、利率、消费者对经济的预期和就业状况作为主要因素,分析它们对黄金价格的影响,以解释近十年国际黄金价格变动发展。