审前社会调查与社区矫正的适用

随着社区矫正的全面试行,社区矫正这种非监禁刑罚执行方式越来越受到社会的重视与大众的认可,其文明、进步、人性化的表现充分体现了我国刑罚制度的不断进步.人民法院在进行刑事案件的判决和裁定罪犯的假释时,推出了委托司法行政机关开展审前社会调查的改革措施,意在加大社区矫正的适用比重,以从源头上加强对社区矫正工作的支持力度.     

铁路物资盗窃案件的侦查对策

铁路物资盗窃案件,又称货盗,是指作案人以货运列车为目标,通过非常手段盗窃铁路运输货物的案件.铁路货盗案件是铁路上的多发案件,破坏了正常的铁路运输秩序和治安环境.无论从案件构成的规律特点、形成原因及侦查对策来看,铁路货盗案件都有其自身的特殊性.如何有效地侦破铁路货物盗窃案件是侦查实践的一个重大课题.     

城市化对经济增长的作用研究

城市化与经济增长相互作用对于社会发展的重要性不言而喻,自改革开放以来,我国城市化具有显著递增的规模效应,对经济增长有着良好的促进作用。     

北京城管综合执法情况的初步调查

相对集中行政处罚权是《行政处罚法》确立的一项重要制度。城市管理综合执法是相对集中行政处罚权的产物。我国目前尚未出台一部系统的相对集中行政处罚权实施法规。相对集中行政处罚权的行使在不同的地区或城市存在较大的差异,也暴露出很多问题。建议及时总结14年来北京城管执法工作,加强城管综合执法研究,深化依法行政。     

The Future of Consumer Web Data: A European/US Perspective

The article considers the subject of clickstream data from aEuropean/US perspective, taking into account the Data ProtectionFramework (Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC; Directive onPrivacy and Electronic Communications 2002/58/EC) and the USlegal framework and in particular, the Wiretap Act U.S.C. 2701(2004) and related statutes. It examines the extent to whichclickstream data is considered "personal data" within the DataProtection Directive and the implications to consumers and businesses.     

Passport examination by polarized infrared spectra

In this study, a new nondestructive technique for passport examination is proposed. In this technique, linearly polarized light is used to measure Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance spectra of films on the biographical data page. Thirty genuine and thirty-five counterfeit Japanese passports and five marketed films pasted on name cards were examined. The measured spectra were analyzed as follows. The absorption spectra were obtained by the Kramers-Kronig transformations of reflectance spectra. The peak ratios were then calculated from the absorption spectra by adding the peak areas at 1126 and 1263 cm(-1) and dividing the result by the peak area at 1727 cm(-1). When nonpolarized light was used, the samples could not be distinguished by comparing the peak ratios. However, when polarized light was used, they were successfully distinguished by the comparison. Therefore, polarized light is useful for the forensic discrimination of passport films by the measurement of FT-IR spectra.     

Machinery‐Related Deaths: Relevance of Workplace Investigation and Antemortem Radiological Data in Reconstructing the Fatality

Abstract: Machinery‐related fatalities are one of the leading causes of traumatic occupational deaths. In our report, we present the case of a 40‐year‐old male who suffered a severe head trauma while working in a cut‐foam industry and died despite an early craniectomy. The radiological reconstruction of the skull based on preoperative computed tomography scans disclosed a large depressed conical fracture of the left parietal bone. The 3D‐reconstruction of the work area, combined with a fit‐matching analysis between the machinery and the depressed skull fracture allowed us to conclude that the head was crushed between the sliding bar of the cutting device and the metallic protuberance on the opposite side. The case underlines the importance of a detailed workplace investigation and of a thorough evaluation of all circumstantial, clinical, radiological, and autopsy data in the reconstruction of machinery‐related fatalities to identify any possible legal responsibilities of the worker and/or the employer.     

The inadequate legislative response to e-signatures

This article examines the two most influential international initiatives on electronic signatures (UNCITRAL’s 1996 Model Law on Electronic Commerce and the 1999 EU Electronic Signature Directive). It considers whether the legislative approaches in Australia and the United Kingdom based on these initiatives are helpful in deciding whether lower level signature methods such as simple email messages are likely to satisfy a legal requirement for a signature. The conclusion reached is that they are unhelpful. The article goes on to consider whether legislative amendments based on UNCITRAL’s 2001 Model Law on Electronic Signatures or the 2005 UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts would improve the identified weaknesses. It concludes that such an update would clarify some issues, but that overall it will not solve the difficulties. The article ends with a brief speculation on the likely attributes of a more helpful approach.     

环境公益诉讼原告资格分析

环境公益诉讼制度是实现对自然权利维护的有效途径。实现对自然权利的司法救济,其关键之处就在于原告起诉资格的适当放宽,允许公众为了自然的权利而向法院提起诉讼。鉴于我国环境诉讼中原告资格的立法现状,我国环境诉讼中对原告资格立法应进一步完善。     

对国际货物运输法统一化努力的思考

《联合国全程或者部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》是国际社会为推进国际货物运输法的统一而作的又一次努力。结合这一统一化运动,分析国际货物运输法统一化的动因、悖论、成果的局限性以及中国在这一过程中所起的作用,并对国际货物运输法统一化给予客观的评价。