溴敌隆中毒研究进展

溴敌隆为二代香豆素类杀鼠药,由其导致的中毒案事件时有发生.本文就溴敌隆的中毒原因、毒理作用、药代动力学以及中毒临床表现、尸体解剖情况、理化检测进行综述.希望能为相关研究和实际检案提供参考.     

大鼠急性鲤醇硫酸酯钠中毒血流动力学研究

探讨急性鲤醇硫酸酯钠（SCS）中毒早期死亡机制和死因。草鱼胆汁提取物SCS按3.0LD50、4．0LD50和5.0LD50的剂量给Wistar大鼠腹腔注射，观察大鼠血流动力学、心电图及呼吸的影响。结果表明；大鼠腹腔注射SCS后，动脉血压（SAP、DAP和MAP）下降；左心室功能（LVP、LVEDP和±dp／dtmax）降低；心电图示心电不稳，心肌缺血S-T段抬高或T波倒置，心率、呼吸先加快而后逐渐变慢，有明显的剂量-效应关系。表明SCS对心肌有选择毒性作用，其早期死因为心源性休克。实验结果为鱼胆中毒的诊断、防治及其法医学鉴定和鱼胆毒素的利用提供有关资料。     

急性及己中毒的实验病理学研究

目的探讨及己对小鼠毒性作用的病理变化及其毒作用机制。方法应用及己水煎液对小鼠经口急性染毒,进行组织病理学观察血清生化、凝血机能检测。结果及己对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)为41.12g/kg;染毒小鼠血清ALT和BUN升高;血液血小板计数减少、凝血时间延长;肝、脾、肾器官系数增大;肝、肾、心肌细胞变性、坏死明显,全身诸多器官淤血、出血性改变。结论及己毒作用的主要靶器官或靶组织是肝脏、肾脏、心脏和全身血管。毒作用机制是对线粒体、内质网等膜性结构及体内凝血机制的破坏。     

酒精中毒性犯罪及其心理预防

本文从变态心理学、犯罪学的角度,对酒精中毒与犯罪的关系进行了探讨,根据酒精中毒性犯罪形成、发展的特点,提出了有针对性的三种心理预防方法。     

Influence of alcohol intoxication of pedestrians on injuries in fatal road accidents

Pedestrians belong to the group of road users with the highest mortality rate. The frequency of road accidents involving pedestrians is 2% but pedestrians represent as many as 13% of all road accident deaths. Because of the mechanism and dynamics of injury and the effects of alcohol on physical and mental performance, pedestrians under the influence of alcohol are classed among the road users most at risk.Our retrospective study included 125 pedestrian fatalities treated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana between 1999 and 2006. We classified the victims into two groups by blood alcohol level Group I (alcohol positive) and Group II (alcohol negative), defined differences in gender, age, incidence of injuries and established causes of death and period of survival following the road accident. In Group I (n = 53) 96% were male and 4% female; the average age was 45.6 years. In Group II (n = 72) 40% were male and 60% female; the average age was 63.1 years. The percentage of injuries to individual parts of the body was higher in Group I than among the deceased pedestrians in Group II. The most common cause of death in both groups was craniocerebral trauma. Death occurred in the first 6 h following the accident in 92% of cases in Group I and in 69% of cases in Group II.Alcohol-positive pedestrians are predominantly younger men, who have a higher level of risk of a road accident, greater incidence of injuries and a shorter period of survival following a road accident.     

人身侵权债权在破产清偿顺位中优先受偿之思辩

在调整人身侵权债权的各种制度中,为人身侵权债权在破产清偿顺位中找寻优先清偿点是次优制度选择,因为无论人身侵权债权定位在哪一个清偿层面都是后序债权人为破产企业的非法行为买单。为此,在其他法律制度足以保护人身侵权债权人权益的前提下,在破产清偿顺位中为人身侵权债权人设置优先受偿权实属不必要。但是其他法律制度不足以保护人身侵权债权人的权益时,我们可以考虑在破产清偿顺位中采用将人身侵权债权与劳动者债权同序的方式来保护人身侵权债权人的合法权益。     

亚急性黄药子中毒的实验病理学研究

目的 研究黄药子对小鼠毒性作用的病理变化及其毒作用机制。方法 按1/4LD_(50),1/10LD_(50),1/30LD_(50)剂量给ICR小鼠连续灌服200％的黄药子水煎剂,观察中毒小鼠各主要器官的组织学与超微结构变化,酶组织化学检查及血清生化检测。结果 中毒小鼠肝细胞脂肪变性,糖原增多,严重者可见灶性坏死;肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死。通过酶组织化学方法发现肝脏SDH酶和G-6-P酶活性下降,血清ALT和BUN升高。结论 黄药子毒作用的主要靶器官或靶组织为肝和肾。毒作用机理是对线粒体、内质网等膜性结构的破坏导致酶活性的降低,影响代谢。     

镇静催眠药自杀中毒——附六例尸检报告

本文分析6例镇静催眠药急性中毒死亡的临床症状,法医学尸检和毒物分析资料。镇静催眠药中毒临床表现为昏迷、呼吸抑制、低血压、反射消失、周围循环衰竭等。病理变化以肺、肝、肾、脑等脏器较明显,肺淤血、水肿、肝细胞脂肪变性、肾近曲小管上皮细胞变性、脑水肿等。病变程度与服药至死亡时间长短有关,中毒死亡与药物剂量、个体差异、所患疾病及中毒后抢救所致的临床并发症等因素有关。     

大鼠急性斑蝥中毒血流动力学研究

大鼠急性斑蝥中毒的血流动力学研究结果显示,灌胃后,大鼠左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)呈下降趋势,左心室内压(LVP)和左室压最大变化速率(±dp/dt max)变化不明显;心率(HR)在低剂量组加快,而大剂量组减慢;心电图(EKG)无明显改变;呼吸频率(RR)先快后慢,大鼠死亡时,呼吸比心跳早停止几分钟。提示斑蝥中毒死亡较快时,呼吸抑制作用是一个不容忽视的因素。