曲马多中毒及其毒理作用

曲马多为中枢非麻醉镇痛药,通过作用于μ阿片受体、抑制去甲肾上腺素与5-羟色胺再摄取等双重作用机制的协同作用。镇痛效果较好。在世界范围内被广泛应用于中、重度急、慢性疼痛的治疗。但目前有关曲马多不良反应与曲马多滥用中毒的案例报道正日益增多。本文从曲马多的镇痛机制、不良反应以及依赖滥用等方面,综述了导致曲马多中毒的可能因素,以期唤起人们对曲马多安全性的注意。     

试析第三部门在表达和实现大规模移民利益方面的作用

从国外的实践看,作为一个特殊的利益群体,大规模移民往往缺乏制度化的利益表达机制与渠道.我国是世界上水利工程移民最多的国家.积极探索和充分发挥第三部门的功能,有助于解决移民利益诉求边缘化问题,实现公共价值与移民利益之间的双赢.     

论共同过失正犯及刑事责任的实现（上）

共同过失,是共同罪过的形式之一。虽然我国刑法中,只对共同故意犯罪的刑事责任有规定,但是,这并不是否定有共同过失犯罪的现象,基于共同过失是否应当负共同犯罪的责任 (成立共同犯罪 ),是刑法理论上一直争论的问题之一。笔者结合大陆法系立法及判例和实践,对共同过失正犯的理论和范围以及刑事责任进行了探讨。     

A case of fatal intoxication from metformin

A case of fatal intoxication from metformin is presented. The decedent was an obese 58-year-old-woman with type II diabetes, in whom severe lactic acidosis secondary to metformin accumulation was precipitated by acute renal failure. She had been on metformin 500 mg twice a day. Postmortem blood was deproteinated with acetonitrile, washed with dichloromethane, and the resulting supernatant injected into high-performance liquid chromatography system. Separation was performed on a analytical 125 x 4 mm i.d. RP-8 column. The wavelength was set at 235 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (40%), sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 5.1 (60%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The concentration of metformin in postmortem blood was 77.3 microg/mL. The qualitative result was also confirmed by LC/APCI/MS/MS analysis.     

经济刑法中危险犯的立法问题研究

危险犯的采用及其在立法上的扩展是立法对风险社会的回应,也是经济犯罪立法的重要特征。通过对近年我国经济犯罪的刑事立法的分析,可以发现《刑法》在大量增设经济犯罪罪名的同时,经济犯罪的危险犯的成立范围也大大扩展。同时,出于法益保护的早期化,预防社会风险等方面的现实需要,在经济刑法中设立抽象危险犯颇有其必要性和合理性。基于维护经济秩序安全的需要,可以考虑在经济刑法中谨慎地规定过失危险犯。     

Increased risk of fatal intoxication and polypharmacy among psychiatric patients at death

Patients suffering from psychiatric disorders have an excess mortality and a shorter life span expectancy compared to the general population. Furthermore, they are treated with multiple drugs and are known to have an increased risk of drug abuse. In this study, we aimed at investigating the pharmaceutical drug and drug of abuse profiles of the deceased included in the Danish prospective autopsy‐based forensic study on psychiatric patients, SURVIVE. Using the postmortem systematic toxicological analysis results, we identified 129 different consumed compounds in our population (n = 443). Polypharmacy (≥5 compounds) was detected in 39.5% of the deceased. Deceased with a psychiatric diagnosis or who died from a fatal intoxication had significantly more compounds at the time of their death compared to having either no psychiatric diagnosis or another cause of death, respectively. Evidence of drug abuse was present, as 29.8% of our total population had consumed either methadone or illicit drugs of abuse, excluding tetrahydrocannabinol. Of those deceased with a psychiatric diagnosis, 33.6% had either consumed methadone or illicit drugs of abuse, a greater number than those without a psychiatric diagnosis. Fatal intoxication was the most frequent cause of death (40.6%) with methadone as the major intoxicant. Here, we found that those without a psychiatric diagnosis had fewer fatal pharmaceutical drug intoxications compared to the psychiatric diagnosis groups. Our findings add further context to understanding the excess mortality of psychiatric patents, since there is an increased occurrence of fatal intoxication, polypharmacy, and drug abuse in this population.     

How Reliable are Parenchymal Tissues for the Evaluation of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning? A Pilot Study

Dealing with burnt bodies, the forensic pathologist must first of all answer the question whether the victim was alive at the moment of the fire. This study aims at clarifying whether some human solid tissues may be reliably used for the forensic diagnosis of Co poisoning on burnt bodies providing no collectable blood during the autopsy. From 34 selected cases, both cardiac blood and parenchymal samples were collected to perform CO‐oxymeter, spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography tests: blood CO estimations (blood COHb% and blood[CO]) and parenchymal[CO] values have been compared with special focus on R values. The solid tissues having the best correlations with blood CO amount turned out to be the lung (R 0.84), the liver (R 0.83), the kidney (R 0.79), and the spleen (R 0.92).     

论民法上的注意义务

无论在英美法系还是在大陆法系,注意义务都是过失判定的基准。民法上的注意义务是义务主体谨慎地为自己一切行为(包括作为和不作为)的法律义务,其核心内容包括行为致害后果预见义务和行为致害后果避免义务。注意义务的产生依据包括制定法、技术规范、习惯和常理、合同或委托、在先行为。在注意义务的体系中,特别要重视以内容为标准的体系构成,还要理清作为注意义务与不作为注意义务,更要突出高度注意义务的地位。在注意义务存在冲突的情况下,其解决规则为依据注意义务的优先性。注意义务有着程度的差异,应当构建“注意程度标准人”以替代“合理人”。我国侵权行为立法应当明确规定注意义务。     

合伙企业有限责任否认与非自愿性债权人保护

20世纪后半期以来,有限责任发展的路径是向合伙企业的迅猛扩张,但在有限责任全面松绑的情况下,如何运用有限责任否认法理来保护债权人特别是非自愿性债权人却是个新问题。合伙企业有限责任否认分有限责任滥用与未滥用两种情况,但应注意:在有限责任未滥用的情况下,非自愿性债权人纯粹承受有限责任的负面价值极不公平,应在一定条件下否认有限责任;在有限责任滥用的情况下,适用法人人格否认的典型情形对合伙企业也不能简单适用,合伙企业的有限责任否认有自己的特殊之处。     

论过失危险犯

过失危险犯是刑法理论上争议颇多的问题。文章从其存在的合理性 ,可行性和必要性入手 ,对其进行深入的研究。并在其成立要件上和立法上作了初步的探讨。肯定过失危险犯具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。