The Estonian song celebration (Laulupidu) as an instrument of language policy

There is an established body of literature surveying the role of language policy in identity construction. This paper exposes an angle that has been understudied. It suggests that national song festivals may be seen as a tool of ‘implicit’ language policy in Estonia. Informed by expert interviews and ethnographic, this study explores the tensions arising from the dual function of the festival. On the one hand, it sustains the language as the central ethnic-national attribute of Estonians. On the other hand, the ‘affective solidarity’ stemming from joint singing could support a stronger civic attachment to the language and state (by Russian-speaking minorities).     

Age Estimation in Living Egyptians Using Signal Joint T‐cell Receptor Excision Circle Rearrangement

Age estimation is one of the challenges in forensic sciences. There are many techniques to estimate the age. Molecular biology approach is one of these techniques. Signal joint T‐cell receptor excision circles gene (sjTRECs), is one of this approach. We aimed to use sjTRECs as a suitable marker for age estimation among Egyptian population. TaqMan qPCR approach was used to quantify sjTREC levels in blood samples obtained from 153 healthy Egyptian individuals ranging from a few weeks to 70 years. Our results showed a significant negative correlation between sjTREC levels and age with p ≤ 0.05. Moreover, the individual's age can be determined through this formula Age = ?30.671+ (?5.998Y) (Y is dCtTBP ? sjTREC) with standard error ±7.35 years. Within the forensic context, sjTREC' levels can be used to estimate the Egyptian individual's age accurately.     

对我国共同犯罪理论与实践的探讨

世界各国刑法对共同犯罪有着不同的规定，现代刑法理论在此认识上也不尽一致，甚至在基本概念上都难以达成统一的共识，仍然处于见仁见智的状态，共同犯罪问题成为现代刑法理论的世界难题。我国刑法对共同犯罪有着独特的规定，共同犯罪人的种类也有别于其他国家，但存在着内在的矛盾。在着力于完成近代化历史重任以及谋求与国际社会接轨的今天，如何在保证理论完备的前提下，进一步完善刑事立法，成为我国刑法面临的重大课题。     

关于建立查禁跨境赌博违法犯罪长效机制的建议

境外赌博违法犯罪危害极大,根据国务院的布署,在公安部的支持和省政府的领导下,2004年12月以来开展了查禁边境地区赌博犯罪活动专项斗争并取得明显成效。为了防止“死灰复燃”,建立长效机制,切实提高防范、发现、打击赌博违法犯罪活动的能力,一是建立健全禁赌预警机制和快速反应机制;二是加大宣传教育力度,营造良好舆论氛围;三是采取多种措施,防止和减少中国公民出境参赌;四是充分发挥各有关部门的职能作用,齐抓共管,形成联合禁赌格局;五是建立倒查责任追究制度。     

我国医疗保障法律制度相关问题研究

目前,我国全民医保体系已初步形成,但仍面临医疗保障互助共济功能尚未充分发挥,医疗保障法律制度立法层级较低,应急医疗保障法律制度欠缺,大病保障制度的法律归属不明晰,医疗保障法律制度衔接存在障碍等问题。因此,应在坚持医疗保障立法的社会连带理念、明确法律体系建设目标的基础上,加快提高立法层次,建立统一的应急医疗救助法律制度,明确重大疾病保险的法律属性,完善多层次的医疗保障法律制度体系。     

A novel method for sorting and reassociating commingled human remains using deviation analysis

This study provides an innovative and novel method for sorting commingled human remains at the sacroiliac joint using deviation analyses. Virtual models were created at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville Donated Skeletal Collection from 69 os coxae and 66 sacra using an EinScan-Pro 2× + Handheld Surface Scanner. The shape of the auricular surfaces was analyzed in Geomagic Wrap 2017, and the congruency of the two auricular surfaces was measured using a deviation analysis. ROC curves were performed on a reference sample composed of 200 commingled and non-commingled joint pairs to identify threshold values that could help sort the commingled remains. A validation sample of 225 pairs was subsequently analyzed to demonstrate the efficacy of this new method on a sample of unknown individuals. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the deviation analysis values from sacroiliac joints of commingled pairs were significantly larger than those from non-commingled individuals (p < 0.0001). Based on the selected threshold values, 98%–100% of pairs were correctly sorted and reassociated. This novel and objective technique improves upon previously subjective strategies for sorting commingled remains and, in the future, will be applied to additional joint surfaces.     

一人公司“法人格滥用推定”制度的法理评析——兼论公司立法的价值抉择

我国《公司法》第64条规定的一人公司"法人格滥用推定"制度,与"公司法人格否认"制度有着质的差别。对一人公司实行"法人格滥用推定",实质上是自始就没把一人公司当"公司"。这不仅在逻辑上自相矛盾,而且在法律上有违平等原则,并有可能打击人们创设一人公司的热情,从而使"一人公司"仅仅停留于纸面而失去实际意义。为追求自由、效率、公平、安全等价值目标,我国《公司法》应当取消专门针对一人公司的"法人格滥用推定"制度,转而对包括一人公司在内的各种类型的公司统一适用"公司法人格否认"制度。     

Texas Population Substructure and Its Impact on Estimating the Rarity of Y STR Haplotypes from DNA Evidence*

Abstract: Three sampled populations of unrelated males—African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic, all from Texas—were typed for 16 Y short tandem repeat (STR) markers using the AmpFlSTR^® Yfiler^TM kit. These samples also were typed previously for the 13 core CODIS autosomal STR loci. Most of the 16 marker haplotypes (2478 out of 2551 distinct haplotypes) were observed only once in the data sets. Haplotype diversities were 99.88%, 99.89%, and 99.87% for the African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic sample populations, respectively. F_ST values were very small when a haplotype comprised 10–16 markers. This suggests that inclusion of substructure correction is not required. However, haplotypes consisting of fewer loci may require the inclusion of F_ST corrections. The testing of independence of autosomal and Y STRs supports the proposition that the frequencies of autosomal and Y STR profiles can be combined using the product rule.     

由一起碰撞案件看船舶挂靠经营中的侵权责任

在现行法律中很难找到专门针对船舶挂靠经营的规定,这使得关于船舶挂靠经营过程中产生的侵权责任的意见难以得到统一。北海海事法院对2000年发生的一起船舶碰撞纠纷进行了审理,其中涉及对船舶挂靠经营侵权责任的处理,该判决对上述问题的解决提供有益的帮助——船舶挂靠经营是一种合法行为;就挂靠人经营中所致的侵权责任,挂靠人与被挂靠人都是责任主体,并应承担无限连带责任。     

共同过失犯罪浅析

在刑法解释论中,共同过失犯罪是指多个不负有共同注意义务的人分别实施了违反各自注意义务的行为,共同导致危害结果发生的犯罪形态。共同过失犯罪须由两个以上合格主体且不承担共同注意义务、各主体都实施了过失行为,多个过失行为共同造成了危害结果。对共同过失犯罪人的处罚,应坚持作为分成原则和监督对等原则,才符合我国"有罪必罚、罚当其罪"的刑事法治原则。