Kyoto Mechanisms: Key Issues for Policy-makers for COP-6

This article provides an assessment of the "Kyoto mechanisms" – joint implementation, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and emissions trading established pursuant to Articles 6, 12 and 17 of the Kyoto Protocol. It focuses on significant policy issues raised by supplementarity, liability, equity and the design considerations relevant to operationalizing the mechanisms nationally and internationally.     

西部大开发与图们江经济带的崛起

西部大开发《政策措施》的颁布和实施,给边疆民族地区带来了历史机遇。图们江经济带要以此为契机,实现跨越式发展。     

民事责任能力的基本理论及立法完善

民事责任能力是与民事权利能力、民事行为能力相并列的一种独立的民法上的能力。民事责任能力有广义和狭义之分,广义上的民事责任能力包括违约责任能力、侵权责任能力和缔约过失责任能力,狭义上的民事责任能力仅指侵权责任能力。侵权责任能力以识别能力为一般判断标准,以财产状况为例外标准,但是要对财产标准的适用设定严格的条件限制,具有责任能力的未成年人造成他人损害的,应与监护人一起承担连带责任。     

未批准的出资额转让协议民事责任性质——以中外合资经营企业为例

我国已往的司法解释规定,出资额转让协议未经批准时的责任为缔约过失责任。基于缔约过失责任赔偿原则、赔偿方式的单一性以及赔偿范围的局限性,其根本无法有效地维护诚信当事人的利益。最高人民法院新近颁布的《关于审理外商投资企业纠纷案件若干问题的规定（一）》根据当事人是否履行报批义务规定了不同的责任方式。但受制于解释权限,该规定很难说是最为科学的制度设计。从实现审批目的的意图出发,结合公司法的私法特性和出资额的财产属性,未经批准仅仅导致出资额权属不发生变动,并不影响协议的效力。有过错的一方应承担违约责任。     

环境刑法的伦理基础及其对环境刑法新发展的影响

环境伦理与环境刑法的发展具有互动性。环境刑法必须遵循环境伦理的导向性指引,同时环境刑法对环境伦理具有能动作用。随着环境伦理的不断发展,人们逐步认识到人类中心主义环境伦理观的局限与非人类中心主义环境伦理观的困境,折中的可持续发展环境伦理观成为环境刑法之伦理基础。可持续发展环境伦理观影响着环境刑法的新发展,这主要表现在环境法益的扩容和环境犯罪设置向刑事犯的逐步转化方面。     

Emotional Intelligence and Criminal Behavior

A large body of research links criminality to cognitive intelligence and personality traits. This study examined the link between emotional intelligence (EI) and criminal behavior. One hundred Egyptian adult male offenders who have been sentenced for theft, drug dealing or murder and 100 nonoffenders were administered the Bar‐On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ‐i). The offenders had lower levels of EI than the nonoffenders. In addition, EI varied as a function of the types of offenses. Namely, it decreased in magnitude with crime severity (lowest for murder, higher for drug dealing, and highest for theft). These results converged with the direct/ indirect aggression theory suggesting that indirect aggression requires more social intelligence than physical aggression. Forensic intervention programs should therefore include EI training, especially when violence is involved.     

BITING ONCE,TWICE: THE INFLUENCE OF PRIOR ON SUBSEQUENT CRIME LOCATION CHOICE

Properties, victims, and locations previously targeted by offenders have an increased risk of being targeted again within a short time period. It has been suggested that often the same offenders are involved in these repeated events and, thus, that offenders’ prior crime location choices influence their subsequent crime location choices. This article examines repeated crime location choices, testing the hypothesis that offenders are more likely to commit a crime in an area they previously targeted than in areas they did not target before. Unique data from four different data sources are used to study the crime location choices of 3,666 offenders who committed 12,639 offenses. The results indicate that prior crime locations strongly influence subsequent crime location choices. The effects of prior crime locations are larger if the crimes are frequent, if they are recent, if they are nearby, and if they are the same type of crime.     

论税源联动管理的法制机理

税源联动管理机制源于税收流失，是税收实践不断试炼的产物。税源联动管理机制有其独特的联动谱系——横向联动和纵向联动。信息不对称作为一种“客观存在”，是税收征管实践的“常态”，为征管过程中的税收风险提供了滋生的土壤。税源联动管理的法制机理在于：通过“税源联动”突破信息瓶颈，优化税收风险控制，从而实现税收征管方式的现代性嬗变。     

职务犯罪侦查一体化问题研究

对国家工作人员职务犯罪进行侦查,是我国检察机关的法定职能。在世界经济全球化,区域经济和城乡一体化战略大力推进的背景下,面对当前职务犯罪侦查工作的新形势、新任务,只有实施侦查工作机制创新,构建职务犯罪侦查一体化模式,才能更好地提高办案效率和办案质量,充分发挥检察机关在惩治职务犯罪中的职能作用。     

刑法若干条款罪数形态之分析

《刑法》第120条第2款包含牵连犯的情形,实行数罪并罚;第157条的走私罪与妨碍公务罪构成牵连犯,应实行数罪并罚;第171条第3款中伪造货币并出售或者运输的,构成牵连犯,择一重罪从重处罚;伪造货币后使用自己伪造的货币,构成牵连犯,使用假币视为事后不可罚行为;第196条第3款中出于非法占有财物的目的,行窃中得到财物同时意外得到信用卡后使用的,应以盗窃罪和信用卡诈骗罪并罚;第198条第2款属于兼容犯,实行择一重罪从重处罚。