论审判独立的实现

本文从刑事诉讼的角度,结合中国审判改革实际操作中存在的问题,探讨了如何真正实现审判独立即法院独立与法官独立。其中,作者尤其强调了法官的素质教育与严格遴选对审判独立实现的重要性。     

国外法官选任制度特点及启示

法官是法律职业共同体的重要组成部分,是行使国家司法权力的具体主体。世界各国对法官的选任格外重视,并形成了一整套行之有效的制度。本文对国外有代表性国家关于法官选拔、录用制度共有特点进行评介,从中寻找对我国法官选任制度建设有益的经验和启示。     

法官造法:司法过程的最高境界

法官造法是英美法系司法的最高境界,是与大陆法系区别开来的基本特征.美国联邦最高法院大法官卡多佐所撰<司法过程的性质>--作为美国司法哲学的代表之作,对法官造法的动因、界限、根据和方法等做出了简明而又不乏深邃的阐释,该书也成为解读英美法系法官造法理论精髓的窗口.     

税收撤销权的运行环境分析

税收撤销权制度是从民法上移植而来的一项法律制度,但颁布以来一直没有得到很好的执行。存在的问题主要在于制度规定不够明晰以及社会环境与税收撤销权制度的契合度不高两个方面,制度的改进也应从这两个方面进行。     

Why do mental health courts work? A confluence of treatment,support & adroit judicial supervision

The article contributes to the understanding of ‘what works’ in mental health courts (MHCs). There are now almost 400 MHCs in the US and more worldwide. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that MHCs can succeed in reducing recidivism among offenders who suffer mental disorders. This article argues that MHCs succeed when they have achieved the right confluence of essential elements, including providing evidence-based treatment and psychosocial supports and using adroit judge-craft. After a brief review of some of the studies demonstrating MHC success, this article discusses the research into the necessary foundations of rehabilitation programs. It is argued that, although treatment and psychosocial services should be supplied within an evidence-based framework, neither of the two leading conceptual models – Risk–Needs–Responsivity and the Good Lives Model – are empirically proven with offenders who suffer from mental disorders. Despite the absence of proof, the Good Lives Model is argued to be appropriate for MHCs because it is normatively consonant with therapeutic jurisprudence. The MHC judge is another essential element. The judicial role is assayed to elucidate how it functions to promote the rehabilitation of offenders with mental disorders. It is argued that the role of the MHC judge during supervisory status hearings is to establish a therapeutic alliance and practice motivational psychology with each MHC participant.     

How electoral vulnerability affects pension politics: Introducing a concept,measure and empirical application

Are electorally vulnerable politicians really less likely to support controversial legislation, such as pension reforms? While the literature on welfare state retrenchment has increasingly pointed to the role of electoral factors in the dynamics of social policy cutbacks, there are few studies that actually measure the magnitude of electoral pressure and its consequent impact on the politics of reform. To this end, the authors have developed a quantitative measure of the electoral vulnerability of politicians and tested its impact on pension reform outcomes using an original dataset comprising 16 Western European countries from 1980 to 2003. In line with expectations, the results show that the impact of electoral vulnerability on reform depends upon the system of interest intermediation. In corporatist systems, electoral vulnerability indeed impedes reform. But in pluralist systems, increased electoral vulnerability is associated with higher levels of reform. This is because unions in corporatist (but not in pluralist) systems can exploit electoral vulnerability in pre‐legislative bargaining, and thus pressure politicians. Consequently, this study has broader implications for the differential responsiveness of democracies to redistributive issues more generally.     

我国涉外企业逆向避税问题探讨

我国涉外企业的逆向避税问题严重,逆向避税的动机主要表现在非税方面。针对这一现象,我国在法律制度和政府行为方面都要有相应的对策。     

注意规范保护目的与交通过失犯的成立

交通过失犯的本质应是结果回避义务,判断该义务之有无应以预见因果关系为内容的结果预见可能性为前提;注意规范保护目的是判断此种因果关系成立与否的理论,只有当行为人违反了注意规范保护目的而致损害法益结果发生时才能成立交通过失犯。注意规范保护目的是以作为刑法规范下位规则的交通法规为基础的可普遍适用于交通过失犯的判断标准,它属于交通过失犯中的违法要素,使用它无须通过客观归责理论。注意规范保护目的理论能合理限定交通过失犯的成立范围,有效克服我国司法实践中普遍存在的以交通事故责任书直接作为刑法上交通过失犯成立依据的不妥做法。     

中国改革开放30年法官素质状况变迁研究——以法官职业标准与法官职业外部评价标准为视角

中国法治建设三十年来取得了不菲成就,法官素质的发展变化从微观角度上对此做出了佐证。法官素质是指法官的审判能力或资格。"职业标准"是指法官职业本身对法官素质的认识标准。法官职业标准立基于法官职业内部视角,也可称为内在标准。"法官职业外部评价标准"是法官职业外部的人对法官素质评价标准,因其视角基于法官职业之外,也可称为外部标准。我们可以发现法官素质问题在当代中国的独特性与复杂性,同时这一问题也昭示了中国当下进行的法治建设所具有的独特性与复杂性,并预示着法治在中国的实现仍需假以时日,不会一蹴而就。