刑事被害人国家补偿制度初探

国家补偿制度是国家对被害人合法权益的一种司法保护措施,它不仅体现了国家抚慰被害人的人性化治国理念,也表明了国家自愿承担国家义务的负责态度。国家补偿制度确立的理论主要有三种学说:国家责任说、社会福利说和社会保险说。各国的国家补偿制度因受不同理论思想的影响存在较大差异。从各国的具体制度设置来看,构建国家补偿制度的基本原则主要有:及时补偿原则、优先保护原则和就低不就高原则。确立国家补偿制度应当具备以下几个方面的要件:第一,适用补偿的对象。第二, 申请补偿的条件。第三,补偿审议的机关。第四,补偿范围、金额及方式、补偿程序等。笔者认为,从现在经济层面、认识层面、制度层面等诸方面看,在我国确立被害人国家补偿制度的时机已基本成熟。     

从挤出博弈看女性土地权益的保护

本文利用博弈论的研究方法,分析了权利身份化背景下集体剩余的存在以及女性和集体之间挤出博弈的展开,认为女性土地权益被侵害的体制根源在于土地权益的身份化,而女性土地权益的保护,归根到底也要通过土地权益的个体化或去身份化来完成。     

黑社会性质组织犯罪的司法认定

准确认定黑社会性质组织犯罪,对打击黑社会性质组织犯罪具有重要意义。对黑社会性质组织罪的认定,要坚持理论与实践相结合。文章依据刑法及相关的司法、立法解释,指出了黑社会性质组织犯罪的基本特征,即组织的严密性、非法经济的目的性、犯罪手段的暴力性和严重的危害性。     

Reading the Ongoing Changes: European Identity

Europeans constituted their post‐Second World War political identities in terms shaped by the Cold War but matters took an unexpected turn when the events of 1989/91 required acknowledgement of the hitherto largely unremarked existence of the project of the European Union. The question of the identity of Europe/Europeans moved into mainstream debate: how can the variety of 'national pasts' be reconciled, how might ideas of Europe/Europeans fit within the range of identities affirmed by Europeans, and can the project present a clear image within the international community? The European Union is the only game in town for Europeans but it is also deficient; reform is made more difficult by the struggle to define the post bloc world: reform for what becomes the issue ‐ upgraded US ally, loose free trade area or federal polity? These are awkward questions but the continent is recovering from the catastrophe of its twentieth century and one can feel optimistic for the future.     

The Koguryo controversy, national identity, and Sino-Korean relations today

In July 2004, a Chinese claim that the ancient Kingdom of Koguryo (37 BC-AD 668) was China's vassal state ignited a firestorm of protest in South Korea. The decade-long South Korean love affair with China appears to have ended, as increasing numbers of South Koreans have begun to view their colossal neighbor with new suspicion. What were the causes and consequences of this controversy? Rather than forwarding the usual political, economic and security explanations, this paper interrogates the deeper identity politics at stake, arguing that the Koguryo controversy implicates the very meaning of being Korean or Chinese in the 21st century.     

依法行政下的行政许可--以自由裁量权为视角

行政行为的自由裁量权不可忽视或否认,科学的态度是考虑如何将自由裁量权控制在合理范围内.行政许可存在自由裁量权,但应比其他行政行为得到更为严格的控制.而在事前、事中、事后相结合的法律机制中,程序控制更应受到重视.     

国际商事仲裁协议的司法审查——对并入提单中的仲裁条款的司法审查

对国际商事仲裁协议的司法审查是确定仲裁条款有效性的重要途径.其中对并入提单中的仲裁条款的司法审查是最为常见的.航次租船合同的仲裁条款并入提单,随着提单的转让,在承运人和非租约当事人的提单持有人之间的效力问题,在相关法律和司法实践中比较混乱.仲裁条款能否并入提单,并入的仲裁条款是否约束提单持有人等都要通过法院的司法审查解决.     

中国语境中学生权利救济机制的构建

基于高等学校与学生关系的法律性质以及大学自治与司法审查的关系,高校管理关系包括招生管理、学籍管理、校内公共设施管理和校园秩序和安全管理所形成的关系。在中国语境下的大学自治制度框架内,应当建构以司法权为核心的学生个体权利救济机制。     

Police professionalism and cynicism reconsidered: An assessment of measurement issues

A hierarchical logistic model is used to analyze data on Three Strikes-eligible offenders in California and the counties in which they are sentenced. The analysis finds that discretion is widely exercised by elected prosecutors and judges in the administration of Three Strikes. Discretion functions as a “safety valve” and preserves some sentencing proportionality, but may also allow political concerns to influence sentencing decisions. A more conservative political environment is strongly associated with stricter application of the law. Consistent with racial threat theory, eligible felons are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences in counties with larger Latino populations. However, the size of the black population has no significant effect. Higher unemployment rates are associated with more stringent application of the law. Prosecutorial and judicial discretion benefits offenders unequally. Controlling for legally relevant factors, black offenders are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences, while younger ones are less likely.     

论德国行政诉讼中司法权的边界

德国行政诉讼中法院的受案范围几乎不受限制。行政法院对行政案件有完全的管辖权,可以主动、全面、深入地审查事实问题与法律问题,一般无须尊重行政机关在事实判断方面的专业知识与经验。不过,自上个世纪70年代以来,由于行政判断余地等理论的发展,行政法院对行政主体进行强势监督与制约的格局有所松动。另外,行政法院在判决与执行中恪守权力分立原则。德国行政诉讼中这一权力边界格局的形成,是与其宪政体制、法院分工、法定法官原则、二战后对公民权利的重视以及发达的公法理论等紧密相关的。