刑事政策体系中的司法处遇

刑事政策是国家为打击和预防犯罪而运用刑事法律武器与犯罪作斗争的各种手段、方法和对策。其在司法领域的现实体现就是被追诉者的司法性处遇。司法处遏的基本理念就是在法治的框架内关注个案中实质合理性的实现。反映这种理念之要求的司法处遇的基本原则是个别化原则和人性化原则。我国被追诉者的司法性处遇缺少立法依据,应当更加科学化与民主化。     

中美行政行为司法审查标准的比较与反思

中美行政行为司法审查的标准 ,既有相似的一面 ,又有重大区别。在我国加入WTO的新形势下 ,应积极借鉴美国行政行为司法审查标准的有益经验 ,对我国行政行为司法审查的标准予以重构 :确立司法审查的灵活性标准 ;确立司法审查的正当程序标准 ;确立司法审查的合理性标准。     

一定民主条件下司法审查制度设计的经济学分析

民主最大化是一种理想状态,立法和执法者的"经济人"本性和信息的不对称使得民主最大化无法实现,同时也为司法审查的产生提供了现实的基础.本文试以经济学的视角,在分析司法审查设计的供求关系和内部分配偏好的基础上,试图寻找一定民主条件下司法审查设计的最优结合点.     

The Undesirability of Detailed Judicial Reasoning

In this paper we question the general practice in which Common Law based judicial systems produce detailed written decisions. The requirement to produce written court decisions is expensive and helps produce long delays. Furthermore, we show that the general applicability of detailed reasoning may be inefficient. Our method of proving this claim is to show that the individual litigants have almost nothing to gain from having a detailed written reasoning. In fact, most of the time, they are clearly better off by being able to switch to a policy that requires no written opinion. Our approach is most appropriate in circumstances of pecuniary private disputes where the parties involved act as rational utility, or profit, maximizers.     

对行政机关在行政处罚中怠于履职的司法监督

怠于履职,是指行政机关在行政处罚过程中,故意拖拉,未在法定时间内作出和执行处罚;或未能严格公正执法明显轻判轻罚;或因失职未能采取保全等措施,致使无法实施处罚等。它具有不合法性和不适当性的特征。要根治这种现象,司法监督最为有效。但司法监督中提起有关行政诉讼时,应符合一定的条件     

Judicial Dispositions of Ex-Parte and Domestic Violence Protection Order Hearings: A Comparative Analysis of Victim Requests and Court Authorized Relief

This paper presents findings from a study on judicial dispositions of ex-parte orders and domestic violence protection order hearings. Findings are presented with an emphasis on delineating the types of relief which are requested by victims of domestic violence in relation to the types of relief which the courts grant. Results indicate that disparity exists between what types of relief victims request and the types of relief which are awarded by the courts. Research questions are analyzed in order to further define these discrepancies with diverse policy implications and further research issues being recommended as a result of these analyses.     

司法经验整合及其抽象化问题——从私人背景步入公共领域的法官经验

司法经验本身强调的不是个体的独特性,而是与群体不可分割的整体性。在司法实践中,现有非正式的“内部请示报批”和“执行规范性文件”制度共同构成了我国独特的司法经验整体化机制。但其抽象化的过程和结果,难以释放经验整体化的功能。我们应充分利用司法裁判本身所具有的规则和经验价值,形成社会可资共用的法律智识资源,以一种迂回的方式实现司法经验的整体化。     

The Last Word in Court—A Hidden Disadvantage for the Defense

In the legal systems of most western countries, defense attorneys present their sentencing recommendation after the prosecution has presented its sentencing demands. This procedural sequence for criminal cases is intended to balance the impact of both parties on the judge's final decision. Especially the positioning of the defense's plea at the end of the trial follows the fundamental legal principle “in dubio pro reo.” Research on judgmental anchoring, however, suggests that the standard procedural sequence may in fact work against this principle. Consistent with this implication, the present studies demonstrate that the defense's sentencing recommendation is anchored on, and consequently assimilated toward, the preceding recommendation by the prosecution. This influence prevents the defense attorney from effectively counterbalancing the prosecutor's demand. Instead, the biased defense attorney's recommendation partially mediates the impact of the prosecutor's demand on the judge's decision. These findings suggest that the standard procedural sequence in court may place the defense at a distinct disadvantage.     

The enactment of public participation in rulemaking: A comparative analysis

This study analyzes the enactment of public participation in rulemaking within the European Union and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development countries. It relies on an original dataset of administrative procedural acts and administrative laws concerning the making of delegated legislation. As 12 out of 39 countries enacted a procedure of notification, publication, and consultation between 1995 and 2015, the study focuses on courts while controlling for other domestic institutional determinants of legislative adoption and countries’ interdependence. The empirical findings show that countries with a highly independent judiciary system are less likely to enact a comprehensive provision for public participation in rulemaking. This finding highlights a paradox, namely that political systems are more likely to adopt rulemaking to enhance democratic legitimacy if they are characterized by a judicial system that does not actively pursue the legality of rulemaking.     

论未成年人刑事判决之有限公开

我国刑事诉讼法未就未成年人刑事判决宣告方式做特别规定,这一法律漏洞致使未成年人刑事判决只能适用成年人模式即公开宣告,但公开宣判方式不符合未成年人隐私保护和少年司法矫正之宗旨,因此,急需通过法律修订以填补法律漏洞。修改时,需将未成年人刑事案件判决宣告和判决文书网络公开之法律规定作为一个整体予以考量。为了未成年人隐私保护、公众知情权和司法监督等诸价值之平衡,未成年人刑事判决应当有限公开,即未成年人刑事判决宣告原则上实行不公开主义,无罪判决可申请公开;未成年人刑事判决文书采用隐去未成年人个人信息的网络有限公开模式。