Sex and the genuine marriage: consummation and conjugality in Canadian citizenship

The idea of consummation as definitive of a marriage seems antiquated today. Yet, consummation operates as a central criterion in determinations of a ‘genuine marriage’ in Canadian immigration law. Drawing on the marriage and migration literature, theorizations of sexual citizenship, and critical multiculturalism, we explore recent judicial considerations of consummation in Canadian family sponsorship adjudications. We searched the CanLII database (a Canadian database of legislation and judicial records) for the keywords ‘non-consummation’ and ‘genuine marriage’ and identified 68 cases. Of these cases, three primary themes emerged: the use of consummation as a ‘technology of love’ – a requirement for assessing the authenticity of the spousal relationship and hence the worthiness of sponsorship; the discursive construction of sexual and gendered norms in expectations around marital intimacy, and the articulation of liberal tolerance and the cultural other in the assessments of genuine marriages among primarily racialized Canadians or permanent residents and their foreign spouses. We challenge these discursive narratives and conclude by arguing that instead of consummation as the basis for genuine marriage, the Law Commission of Canada’s ‘close personal relationship’ model is a better way to assess the ‘genuineness’ of relationships for determining Canadian citizenship.     

(Re)Making a politics of protection in immigration policy: the “criminal alien,” gendered vulnerability,and the management of risk

The two most recent Department of Homeland Security interior immigration enforcement programs, Secure Communities and the Priority Enforcement Program, have directed deportation efforts toward noncitizens convicted of crimes. One of their targets, the ‘criminal alien,’ has been (re)fashioned in political and legal discourses since the 1980s. Through critical discourse analysis of the 2013 immigration reform debates and their incorporation of the Violence Against Women Act (2013), this article examines the ways in which contemporary immigration policy renders the racialized ‘criminal alien’ (sexually) threatening to the ‘vulnerable’ woman. Dichotomous constructions of deserving and undeserving immigrants, in turn, bolster an array of strategies to manage the ‘risk’ of noncitizens, including border control and financial self-regulation.     

Restraining Gulliver: Institutional reform and the strengthening of state capacity and compliance

Governance in the developing world is fraught with problems of corruption, weak institutions, and inadequate expertise among bureaucrats. Failing to enforce laws and regulations is one way in which these problems manifest themselves. In this paper, we evaluate changes across three institutions charged with oversight or administration of labor justice in Mexico. We find that both autonomy from the executive and professionalization are necessary to improve compliance with labor law over time. Our study shows that professionalization can occur in several ways, including through training, merit hiring, and introducing experienced external administrators. The implications of the study are that reforms that increase the independence and legal authority of oversight institutions should be complemented by efforts to strengthen the professionalism of bureaucrats.     

Governance gaps in eradicating forced labor: From global to domestic supply chains

A growing body of scholarship analyzes the emergence and resilience of forced labor in developing countries within global value chains. However, little is known about how forced labor arises within domestic supply chains concentrated within national borders, producing products for domestic consumption. We conduct one of the first studies of forced labor in domestic supply chains, through a cross‐industry comparison of the regulatory gaps surrounding forced labor in the United Kingdom. We find that understanding the dynamics of forced labor in domestic supply chains requires us to conceptually modify the global value chain framework to understand similarities and differences across these contexts. We conclude that addressing the governance gaps that surround forced labor will require scholars and policymakers to carefully refine their thinking about how we might design operative governance that effectively engages with local variation.     

Voter responses to refugee arrivals: Effects of settlement policy

In this paper we leverage a sudden shift in refugee settlement policy to study the electoral consequences of refugee settlements. After the 2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, the newly elected right-wing government made a concerted effort to spread newly arrived immigrants across the country, with the consequence that some municipalities with limited experience in settling refugees accepted to do so. We propose that such policy changes have political consequences, increasing the salience of immigration issues and shifting voters’ preferences to the right. We further propose that successful refugee integration can move (parts of) the electorate to the left, with stronger political polarization as a possible effect of the policy change. Applying difference-in-differences techniques, we find no evidence of unidirectional shifts in voter sentiments, but support for the hypothesis of stronger political polarization.     

拒不支付劳动报酬罪法律适用问题研究

在劳务派遣、工程承包、分包、转包中,要结合劳务关系的具体情形认定犯罪主体。不构成劳动关系也可以适用该法条进行救济。在客观表现方面,涉及本罪罪状的叙述、劳动报酬的范围、＂经政府有关部门责令支付仍不支付＂,以及＂数额较大＂、＂造成严重后果＂等法律适用问题。     

Understanding Migration: The Case for Public Administration

ABSTRACT

Migration has emerged as a key issue for governments in the 21^st century. While multiple disciplines address migration, the study of public administration has been slow to do so. Given the complexities of migration policy implementation, and the multiple levels of government involved, public administration can add significantly to the current understandings of the phenomenon. This article examines what is known on migration, what still needs to be understood, and how public administration can assist in understanding migration.     

关于创建和谐企业劳动关系的思考

在激励的市场竞争中,企业要想实现持续稳定发展,需要加快完善劳动关系调整的长效机制,切实将以人为本、合同管理、恪守法制、职业道德等理念根植于劳动关系的深处,生动体现在劳动关系的方方面面,建立规范有序、公平合理、公正共赢、和谐稳定的新型社会主义劳动关系,营造民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序的和谐氛围,使企业实现又好又快的发展。     

试谈“异化劳动”概念的意义域

任何科学概念都有其意义域，真理多走一步就可能转化为谬误，异化劳动概念也不例外。马克思对资本主义劳资关系最初的把握是异化劳动，后来则走向更为科学的三种认知，分别体现在《共产党宣言》、《资本论》和“跨越卡夫丁峡谷”的设想中。马克思当年对“德国的或‘真正的’社会主义”的时空条件分析值得借鉴。当今中国社会主义市场经济中的劳资关系，应当走建设合作之路。     

中国劳动法学发展回顾——以社会法学会10年年会（2003-2012）综述为样本

以社会法学10年年会综述为样本,分析中国社会转型最为剧烈的10年中劳动法学的发展状况及其走向,以年会主题为中心线索,在理清脉络的基础上得出年会论题的生成逻辑及劳动法学知识积累、理论创新的路径.另比较教科书的内容体系,发现劳动法学的研究和学科发展缺少劳动法学方法论的指导.基此,要完善劳动法学方法对知识创造、理论创新和学科建设的贡献,同时还方法论在社会法中以应有地位,以知识和方法共塑劳动法话语.