劳动法律和政策制定中的社会性别平等回顾

文章从社会性别视角对中国以及国际劳动法律和政策进行回顾分析,认为在法律和政策制定层面实现社会性别平等是消除劳动领域性别歧视的基础,主张在中国劳动法律和政策制定过程中,加强社会性别平等的立法理念,把性别平等原则和方法纳入立法程序,逐步完善妇女劳动权益保障法律体系。     

目前我国企业劳动关系的新变化及调整

市场经济条件下我国企业的劳动关系发生了许多新变化,从而使劳动关系的确立、变更、终止变得十分随意,劳动关系中利益摩擦增多,劳动争议案件上升。对此,只有通过完善劳动关系法律体系、健全处理劳动争议的司法调解和仲裁工作体系,完善劳动合同制度和发展劳动力市场等方法予以解决。     

劳动合同解除中的“三金”适用——兼论我国《劳动合同法》的立法态度

劳动合同解除中的违约金、赔偿金、经济补偿金这三种金钱交付形式虽有一定的牵连关系,但三者的性质、功能、适用条件都不尽相同,需要予以澄清。而且,在劳动合同解除中,“三金”常有被滥用或扭曲适用的现象,也需要加以纠正。通过完善我国劳动立法,规范与保障“三金”的正确适用,对于充分发挥劳动法的调整功能,维护劳动关系当事人的合法权益,具有重要的现实意义。从应然立法态度来看,我国《劳动合同法》应否定或严格限制违约金的适用;应该适当扩充赔偿金的适用范围;应严格将经济补偿金限制在劳动合同解除情形,否定劳动合同终止情形的适用。     

A view from below: industrial re-structuring and women's employment at four Russian enterprises

The labor market in Russia has changed significantly during the last decade. This transformation has resulted in notable changes in employment and unemployment patterns, and in labor mobility, flexibility and insecurity. One critical question is whether these changes signal important differences in labor market outcomes by gender. The approach taken here is to focus on the Russian industrial enterprise. In our study, we find that women experience different internal labor market opportunities and external job prospects than men and those differences in experience are reflected in the actual hiring practices at our firms, with men substituting for women, and women finding it particularly difficult to negotiate the increasingly closed labor market in Russia. At the same time important differences persist among women, differences that do not exist for men.     

劳动合同若干问题研究：区分、解除与履行

劳动用工制度的变化导致新类型劳动合同纠纷增多，《劳动法》对其的调整已力不从心。对于劳动合同与雇佣合同的区别、劳动合同的单方解除、劳动合同的履行问题，我国现行法律、法规未规定或者规定并不明确，故此，学术界及司法界对此作深入探讨的意义重大。     

论职业活动的社会前提

人类的职业活动是在分工的前提下展开的,但是,进入后工业社会,情况发生了根本性的变化,人们的职业活动不再是以分工为前提的,而是以社会分群为前提的。职业活动的前提从分工到分群的变化,意味着对职业活动的科学认识需要根本性的视角转变。在社会治理职业活动中也是这样,对于作为后工业社会治理模式的公共管理需要从社会分群的角度来加以认识。     

关注城市外来劳务工的问题--来自深圳外来劳务工发展状况的调查报告

外来劳务工是深圳市城市建设的主体,但是由于政策上的歧视和法律保护机制不完善等因素,他们面临着工作时间长、心理压力大、收入低、工作不稳定等问题,建议政府和社会积极关注这一群体,加强劳动力市场宏观调控和管理,创造良好的劳动就业环境,从政策、法律和经济等多方面扶助他们,努力解决他们工作和生活中的实际问题。     

Explaining Explanations: How Legislators Explain their Policy Positions and How Citizens React

Legislators claim that how they explain their votes matters as much as or more than the roll calls themselves. However, few studies have systematically examined legislators’ explanations and citizen attitudes in response to these explanations. We theorize that legislators strategically tailor explanations to constituents in order to compensate for policy choices that are incongruent with constituent preferences, and to reinforce policy choices that are congruent. We conduct a within‐subjects field experiment using U.S. senators as subjects to test this hypothesis. We then conduct a between‐subjects survey experiment of ordinary people to see how they react to the explanatory strategies used by senators in the field experiment. We find that most senators tailor their explanations to their audiences, and that these tailored explanations are effective at currying support—especially among people who disagree with the legislators’ roll‐call positions.     

Women in the driving seat: Eastern European immigrant women's citizenship,participation and educational inclusion in Portugal

This paper is a case study of Eastern European immigrant women's social inclusion in Portugal through civic participation. An analysis of interviews conducted with women leaders and members of two ethnic associations provides a unique insight into their migrant pathways as highly educated women and the ways in which these women are constructing their citizenship in new contexts in Northern Portugal. These women's accounts of their immigrant experience embrace both the public realm, in using their own education and their children's as a means of integration but also spill over into ‘non-public’ familial relationships at home in contradictory ways. These include the sometimes traditional, gender-defined division of labour within the associations and at home and the new ways that they negotiate their relative autonomies to escape forms of violence and subordination that they face as women and immigrants.     

Till Immigration do us Part? Public Opinion and the Dilemma between Immigration Control and Bilateral Agreements

As a result of the initiative against mass immigration (MEI) Switzerland faces a dilemma between control of immigration and the continuation of bilateral agreements. This contribution raises two questions: First, have Swiss citizens' perceptions regarding the incompatibility between immigration control and bilateral agreements evolved since the vote on the MEI in February 2014? Second, what would Swiss citizens decide if they had to choose between the implementation of the MEI and the continuation of the bilateral strategy? We ground our analysis on data from the VOX surveys regarding the MEI and the more recent vote of November 2014 (Ecopop initiative). While Swiss voters still seem to be uncertain about the issue of compatibility, they nevertheless show support for the continuation of the bilateral agreements. Our analyses highlight the importance of age, trust in government and left‐right orientation for individual opinions towards the bilateral way.