论农民集体土地权益的法律保护

土地是财富之母。在我国工业化、城镇化过程中,侵占农民集体土地权益之事时有发生。文章通过典型剖析,研究土地问题的深层次原因,提出相关体制改革和立法司法的建议。     

Demystifying the Park Chung-Hee Myth: Land Reform in the Evolution of Korea’s Developmental State

The developmental state literature emphasises the importance of state autonomy and capacity, with a particular focus on a Weberian type of meritocratic bureaucracy. Existing studies of South Korea’s economic development generally credit Park Chung-hee for establishing such a state. This article questions this assessment with careful process tracing of the development of a meritocratic bureaucracy in the country. The findings suggest that the contrast between the predatory Rhee regime (1948–1960) and the developmental Park regime (1961–1979) has been exaggerated. Meritocracy in South Korea’s bureaucratic recruitment and promotion systems developed gradually over several decades, including during Rhee’s regime as well as the short democratic episode (1960–1961). What then explains the evolution of a developmental state in Korea? This article suggests that land reform contributed to not only creating social structural conditions favourable to state autonomy but also promoting the development of a meritocratic bureaucracy by propelling rapid expansion of education and by mitigating the extent of political clientelism.     

The Control of Police Powers

This article points to a frequent feature in debates about the control of the police. Aside from cultural and political characteristics in the last decades, policing has changed and at present it is going through a stage of rapid change. The author defines the historical roots of police in democracies. He places the police within the framework of the sovereign state, the administration, the judiciary and the citizens. The state's control of police powers is described in its interdependency with new demands on the part of citizens regarding micro (domestic sphere/neighbourhood/community) and macro (urban sphere/state/European) levels. On a European scale, the article provides an oversight over the existing network consisting of internal, administrative, parliamentarian, judiciary, and civil (non-government/social movements) control agencies and mechanisms. In its conclusions the concept of ethical standards is introduced as a means of effective high-quality police management.     

上市公司收购中股东权的保护

股东权的保护是公司制度存在的制度基础,作为公司法特别法或并行 法的证券法,也是股东权保护的重要法律渊源。必须坚持上市公司收购中股东权保 护的立法宗旨和基本原则,我国《证券法》中上市公司收购股东权保护问题上尚有诸 多不足,证券监督管理委员会应制定与“上市公司收购立法”相对应的条例,并不断予 以完善。     

论耕地的法律保护

耕地是土地的精华 ,保护耕地是事关全国大局和中华民族子孙后代的大问题 ,永远忽视和放松不得。笔者认为 ,耕地保护的基本目标是耕地总量动态平衡 ,耕地特殊保护应以土地利用规划为依据 ,严格实行耕地的法律管制 ,惩处非法占用行为     

论特定物与不特定物、代替物与不代替物及相关法律问题

特定物与不特定物、代替物 (种类物 )与不代替物是根据不同的分类标准对物进行的分类。在民事法律关系中 ,不代替物一定是特定物 ,而代替物则既可以是特定物 ,也可以是不特定物。     

论地役权的适用范围

目前国内学者将地役权适用范围界定为不动产利用之调和。但笔者在对罗马法以及各国立法实证考察的基础上认为 ,地役权适用范围绝不仅限于此 ,而可依当事人的目的调整各种物之利用形式 ,并提出若干实例。     

乡村振兴与农地流转体制机制创新研究——基于地权配置的视角

“乡土中国”是我国农村的基本社会事实。土地问题是农村经济体制改革的逻辑起点,也是深化改革的关键着力点。优化地权配置,通过土地流转提高农地利用效率是乡村振兴战略的核心。从地权配置角度切入,剖析乡村振兴与农地流转之间的内生关系,探究了当前农地流转的成绩、不足以及困境,以图耦合地、人、业、钱等要素的关系。为推进农地流转体制机制创新,应当加快法律法规体系建设,建立健全网络化的农地流转市场并充分监管农地用途,合理界定相关权利主体及其行为边界,激活土地的多层次权能,促进现代农业与小农户有机衔接,同时健全社会保障体系,减少农地流转的后顾之忧,殷实农民获得感。     

我国农垦农地制度的变迁与创新——以海南农垦为例

包括海南农垦在内的全国农垦经历了丰富的制度变迁过程,其农地制度也经历了从高度集中统一的公有公用到职工家庭承包经营、租赁经营等变化。目前我国农垦农地制度在农地国有资产营运、监管、土地承包经营等方面还存在诸多问题,应采取明确农地国有资产行使、监管主体、建立国有农地承包经营制度等措施并加以完善。     

论国土资源系统权力监督制约机制的构建

国土资源管理部门拥有行政审批权、执法权、大额度资金的管理和支配权等,在土地使用权和矿业权审批、土地和矿业权交易市场建设、土地价格和矿业权价款评估、储量详审、地质灾害危险性评估、矿山地质环境影响评价、行政执法、重大项目资金使用等重点部门和关键环节的管理、制度建设和执行上还存在多种权利运行风险点,涉土涉矿腐败案件呈现出易发多发态势。特别是国土资源管理部门领导干部的违法违纪案件,已严重影响国土资源管理部门的社会形象,严重损害政府机关的公信力。因此,要强化国土资源系统的管理体制、监督体制和用人机制的建设,科学规范权利运行的各个环节,形成监督制约的长效机制。