Land grabbing or economic development? A modernisation debate enacted on Bugala Island,Uganda

ABSTRACT

Globally, the phenomenon of large-scale land leasing, or ‘land grabbing’, is the subject of increasing concern. At the heart of the criticism of this phenomenon is the debate over the most appropriate methods of achieving economic development within the context of a rapidly globalising world. This paper analyzes the process and outcomes of establishing an oil palm plantation on Bugala Island, Uganda. The author asserts that tensions over land use within Uganda reflect incompatible understandings of the relations between land and society and distrust amongst stakeholders. In this case, in spite of these incompatibilities and distrust, the plantation has resulted in positive results for both local land users and the national economy. Yet at the same time, it demonstrates a traditional approach to land use that ignores past injustice and does not recognise power differentials.     

A ‘class of no political weight’? Interracial Marriage,Mixed Race Children and Land Rights in Southern New Zealand, 1840s-1880s

ABSTRACT

Interracial marriage was a defining feature of interaction between local Ngāi Tahu and newcomers in southern New Zealand from the early nineteenth century. Scholarship has explored the importance of such relationships to development of New Zealand’s early resource-based economies and to colonial assimilation policies. However, the experiences of cross-cultural households and families in colonial New Zealand are less well documented.

Using a body of writing produced by fathers and their mixed-race children in response to land claims investigations in the mid-nineteenth century, this article explores the political, economic and social world of interracial families in southern New Zealand. The correspondence over land rights reveals the ongoing importance of kinship ties through generations as colonial expansion impinged on these communities. Through petitioning and letter writing, fathers and children contested what marriage and family meant and strategically asserted their individual and collective identity in the face of increasing land dispossession and economic hardship.     

民族地区山林权纠纷治理的法治进路——基于广西N县的实证分析

随着山林地及林产品的大幅升值,民族地区群众因争夺山林地爆发冲突的情况不断增多。通过对广西N县山林纠纷的考察,山林权纠纷产生有着历史、宗族、经济方面的原因,且在纠纷治理上存在着调处队伍建设滞后、司法解决不被群众认可、存在外部干预及群众法律意识不强等问题。作为治理方案,应加快构建山林纠纷长效调处工作机制、加大调处力度,重视民族习惯法运用,加大法制宣传力度等多种方式,将民族地区山林纠纷治理纳入法治轨道,构筑法治化的纠纷治理解决机制。     

Revolutionary Movements in Latin America after the Cold War: The Case of the Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo

This article addresses the debate concerning the reasons for the emergence of revolutionary movements in Latin America in the post‐Cold War period. It uses the example of the Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo (EPP, Paraguayan People's Army) to question the hypothesis by McClintock that, whereas political factors were the principal cause of such movements during the Cold War, economic factors have dominated since then. After reviewing the structural context in which the EPP emerged, as well as its history, strategy and ideology, the article offers a contemporary understanding of the insurgency, examines its relevance to the debate about the prospects for revolution in post‐Cold War Latin America and proposes a reformulation of McClintock's hypothesis.     

《民法典》中两种“土地经营权”的体系构造

《民法典》规定了两种土地经营权：一种是土地承包经营权流转而设立的去除身份属性的次级用益物权，另一种是与土地承包经营权并列但无身份属性的农地用益物权。从设立规则看，两种权利所依据的权利来源虽不同，但都是直接支配农用地的权利。《民法典》没有规定土地承包经营权流转的土地经营权再流转的条件，只在第342条规定了其他方式承包的土地经营权流转的条件，需要适用《农村土地承包法》规定的再流转的条件，再流转的限制条件会影响到物权变动的后果。两种土地经营权设定的担保物权均属于抵押权，公示的效力分别为登记对抗和登记生效。     

Indigenous food sovereignty in a captured state: the Garifuna in Honduras

Abstract

This study explores the emergence of the Afro-Indigenous food sovereignty movement in the context of a captured Honduran state and unequal political economy. In contrast with national-level research that has advocated a policy of food security in the context of non-indigenous campesino movements, this work explains how food sovereignty is more appropriate regarding Garifuna Hondurans. In a political economy that has precluded other options, and given the deep cultural relation that Garifuna activists have to land and autonomy, food sovereignty provides a possibility around which Indigenous development can be animated. It encapsulates a local ‘fight’ response to repression as an alternative to northern ‘flight’, often via migrant caravans, that many Garifuna have undertaken. This study shows how food sovereignty, more than being a technical policy set, is a discursive and material node through which dispossessed and especially indigenous populations can enhance decolonial power in the contestation of entrenched hegemonic and institutionalised power in a corrupt, unequal and colonised political economy.     

论农村土地承包经营制度发展及其对策

数千年来，中国农村的土地问题一直都是国家社会经济发展的基础和关键所在。随着近几年中央陆续出台的几个“一号文件”，“三农问题”特别是农村土地问题成为了国家农业经济改革的重中之重。为加快农村土地制度的改革完善，越来越多的专家学者将改革目光投向了农村土地流转的改革上，并且2014年发布的“一号文件”，强调农业改革、发展现代农业以及继续将农业视为经济根本的重要性。同时，首次提出了农村土地承包经营权“三权分离”这一概念。本文主要通过理论上的分析，结合当前农村土地承包经营权的发展现状，对“三权分离”实施的可行性进行解读和探究。     

明清时期田土买卖中的找价回赎纠纷及其解决

明清时期民间田土买卖盛行找价回赎之风，围绕着找价遭到拒绝或多次找价，在新旧业主之间引发了大量的纠纷乃至诉讼。依据徽州契约和州县官员办案手记等资料，可以看到田土找赎习俗和纠纷形成的原因，明清朝廷、地方官员及民间百姓针对找赎习俗的不同态度及州县官员解决找赎纠纷的依据和方式。虽然民间找赎习俗与国家律例之间存在着矛盾和冲突，但明清朝廷因时制宜，不断调整有关律例，地方官员在执法中灵活变通，充分考虑当地民情，这使得田土交易秩序得以稳定。     

伦理观念的嬗变与土地法制的变迁——从更为宽广的伦理视野对资源法的一种审视

土地是人类生存与发展的基础。人类土地法制的历史源远流长，就法域而言其历经了四个阶段：公法、私法、经济法和环境法，推动人类土地法制发生这种变迁的内在动因就在于伦理观念的发展嬗变。     

征收制度在我国的异化与回归

原《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》使我国的征收制度异化为解决城市发展所需用地的手段。《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿办法》努力使被异化的征收制度回归其本来面目，但仍然有其局限性。要使征收制度真正回归，不仅要改革现行的建设用地使用权制度，而且必须解决好城市非公益性的用地需求。非公益性的用地需求不仅可以通过一对一的协商机制来解决，在特殊情形下还可以通过民主表决的方式来解决，以降低交易成本与交易风险。通过集体利益适当限制个人利益，为以民主表决方式解决非公益性用地需求提供了理论基础。