从船员雇用方式的变化谈《中华人民共和国海商法》有关船员规定的修改

中国在涉及船员的立法方面比较原则，有关配套规章多涉及管理性的规定，此种立法局面不利于对船员权利的保护。完善相关的立法可考虑从两个层面入手，在民商法层面，应当修改《中华人民共和国海商法》船员一章，增设船员劳务合同的内容；在单行法层面，应加快制定专门的船员法，将《中国船员集体协议》的内容上升为法律，以便适应新的海运开放形势，在当前船员外派日益增多的环境下保障船员的权利。     

Majoritarian values and women’s rights: police and judicial behavior in Tajikistan and Azerbaijan

This paper analyzes judicial and police behavior in dealing with cases of family violence and divorce in Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. Police and judges deliberately violate existing legal provisions to prevent women from divorcing or filing charges against their husbands in cases of domestic violence. While the law does not recognize religious marriages in Tajikistan, judges often rule to protect women’s living space after the dissolution of such unions. Drawing on rich interview and archival data, this behavior is explained by showing that judicial and police behavior reflects their biases, which in turn are a reflection of majoritarian norms in these countries. Since current laws are derived from Soviet codes, which were never internalized by the population, police and judges bend them to fit their understanding of social justice.     

Writing,Space and Authority: Producing and Critiquing Settler Jurisdiction in Western Australia

On the edge of Stirling Gardens in central Perth, Western Australia, five large, old-fashioned pen nibs stand in a curved line, their tips in the ground. Anne Neil’s sculpture, Memory Markers, commemorates the history of this site, which includes the Supreme Court. Taking this sculpture as an emblem of writing, which in the context of its setting highlights the relationship between literature and law, this article explores the image of the pen in the ground. As a symbol of literacy, it evokes the powerful network of discourses—particularly law, science and religion—that underwrote the imperial project. It signals, in Michele Grossman’s terms, “the event of literacy [that] radically interrupts and disrupts—but never eliminates—pre-existing Aboriginal epistemologies”. The article goes on to explore the sculpture as a symbol of the assertion of jurisdiction, the speaking of law in and over colonised space. It analyses a group of written texts associated with this site, from colonial legal assertions of jurisdiction over Aboriginal people in Edward Landor’s The Bushman (1847), through a proclamation under the Aborigines Act 1905 (WA), to Stephen Kinnane’s Indigenous family memoir of life under that act, Shadow Lines (2004).     

公司资本制度的立法评判

公司资本制度的价值目标主要有两个,即安全和效率。世界各国公司法对它的不同规定,体现了不同的价值目标。我国公司法规定的公司资本制度,注重资本的担保功能,追求交易安全,但从公司资本运行的结果来看,不但没有很好地维护交易安全,反而影响了交易效率。我国公司法应顺应世界各国公司法发展的趋势,拓宽股东出资方式。     

劳动违约责任:归责原则、构成要件及立法完善

由于用人单位履行劳动合同一般要承担劳动法和劳动行政规章所规定的强制性法定义务,而劳动者履行劳动合同则一般承担合同约定的义务。因而劳动立法在设定劳动违约责任时,对劳动者应以过错责任,对用人单位应以严格责任为归责原则确定违约方的法律责任。用人单位违约,不仅应对劳动者承担违约补偿责任,而且应承担劳动行政责任。劳动者违约,则应根据劳动者违约时的主观过错状态以及用人单位由此所受实际经济损失等情形,确定其应承担的经济赔偿责任。     

日本电子政府的构筑与发展

日本电子政府经历了起步、发展、成熟三个阶段,实现了政府办公的自动化、电子化,也使日本国民真正迈入了电子政府的时代。     

略论我国的综合执法

我国长期以来构建的是"全能政府",同时又缺乏严密的组织法规范,行政职能部门设置随意,导致了我国现在的行政机构林立却又权责不清、行政执法政出多门却往往执行不力等不正常现象,严重地影响了行政效率,也不利于相对人合法权益的保护.对于此,我国的<行政处罚法>和<行政许可法>试图通过设立综合执法制度来解决这些问题.近几年来,我国各地的综合执法机关越来越普遍,文章结合实践,对综合执法的含义、产生、作用、形式等问题及其发展模式试作一些粗浅的探讨.     

浅议和谐社会的法律保障

构建社会主义和谐社会不但需要完善的法律,而且法律的制定必须坚持以人为本、遵循客观规律、符合理性精神,同时还必须增强政府部门的执法素质和全社会的守法意识与法制观念,切实做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究.文章从建立民主法治着眼,就立法、执法、守法几个方面阐述自己关于建立和谐社会的相关观点.     

少数民族传统法文化与西部新农村法治建设

少数民族传统法文化是中华法系的重要组成部分,它具有悠久的历史,而且许多好的传统至今还存活并发挥着重要作用,我们应该诊视、保护、开发和利用。这对西部法治建设、建设社会主义新农村意义极大。     

贯彻落实科学发展观树立正确监狱执法理念

监狱执法理念是涉及执法和管理的根本性问题。树立正确的执法理念,是社会法治文明在监狱执法工作中的重要体现,是适应监狱体制改革、完善刑罚执行制度的必然要求,是面向监狱工作实际、解决现实问题的迫切需要。监狱机关要在执法和管理中努力做到依法、规范、公正、文明,重点解决好“三个不能”的问题,抓好“四种规范”,在执法工作中实现“五个更加”,促进三个方面的文明化建设。监狱机关要以正确执法理念为统揽,正确定位监狱的职能和监狱警察的职责,努力维护监狱安全稳定,积极探索新的监狱生产组织结构,稳妥推进监狱体制和机制改革,建设高素质执法队伍,推进监狱工作创新发展。