中国古代官民知法守法的法律宣传

中国古代很早便推行社会性的普及法律知识的宣传教育活动,自先秦至明清,法律宣传形式多样,覆盖面广,代有特色,体现了古圣先贤以法治世、以法育民的智慧。有些经验对于当前的普法教育也有值得借鉴的历史意义,如立法贵在简明,便于官吏习法执法、百姓知法守法;首重官吏,次及百姓;法律宣传逐渐制度化、法律化、常态化。     

Negotiating normative premises in democracy promotion: Venezuela and the Inter-American Democratic Charter

ABSTRACT

This article analyses negotiations on democracy promotion by looking at the case of the Inter-American Democratic Charter. It argues that Venezuela contested the concept of representative democracy during the Charter negotiations, advancing the notion of “participatory and protagonist democracy” and that, even if it was unsuccessful in its demands, the country contributed to deepening the debate on the concept of democracy, on which there is far from worldwide consensus. The article suggests that the main drivers of the negotiation process and the final agreement were domestic political changes in Venezuela, specific features of the negotiations, and the structural position of Venezuela in the field of democracy promotion in the global and regional contexts, which were, at the time, favourable to a compromising attitude to conclusion of the Charter, even if not to the concept of democracy.     

Social Policy by Other Means: Theorizing Unconventional Forms of Welfare Production

Abstract

The goal of this special issue is to highlight the importance of unconventional social policies, theorize their development in comparison with traditional welfare state accounts and outline a new research agenda. In this introduction to the special issue, the editors present the concept of social policy by other means as encompassing two kinds of unconventional social policy (from the point of view of mainstream comparative research): First, functional equivalents to formal systems of social protection and, second, non-state provision of benefits. The concept builds upon a sizeable, but fragmented literature in comparative welfare state research. While numerous examples demonstrate that social policy by other means is more pervasive in both OECD and non-OECD countries than often acknowledged, a brief survey of the top 20 articles in the field reveals that this fact is not sufficiently reflected in the academic literature. With reference to both existing studies and the contributions to this special issue, the editors go on to explore (1) the different forms of social policy by other means, (2) explanatory theories and (3) their effectiveness in terms of social outcomes. They close by outlining a research agenda.     

实践中的证据法——中国证据法实施情况调查研究

证据制度是本次中国司法文明指数体系的一个重要一级指标,我们选取了四项二级指标进行了评估,通过问卷调查和数据分析,并结合中国证据法治指数问卷调查的数据,可以得出以下结论:当事人证据权利缺乏有效保障,侦查人员的证据意识有所增强,非法证据排除规则有待落实,以及司法证明过程缺乏合理规范。     

辨认笔录证据能力问题研究——以新《刑事诉讼法》为视角

辨认笔录作为新型的证据种类为新《刑事诉讼法》所确认,在辨认程序缺乏立法规制的情况下,如何对其可靠性和合法性进行审查判断成为实践中的难题。"两院三部"联合制定的《死刑案件证据规定》初步确立了辨认结果的审查判断规则,为法庭审查和采信辨认证据提供了一定的根据。但是,在辨认录像制度、见证人在场制度以及警察出庭作证制度尚未有效确立的情况下,对具有"传闻证据"性质的辨认笔录采用书面审查的方法仍具有相当大的局限性,不但难以发现辨认过程中存在的程序瑕疵和程序违法问题,而且无法完成对辨认结果可靠性的实质审查任务。本文针对我国侦查实践中常用的列队辨认和照片辨认程序,提出了具体的审查内容和方法,对"暗示性辨认"提出了具有可操作性的判断规则。对于辨认结果证据能力的认定,可以借鉴美国的"总体情况规则",采用"可靠性"判断标准,对于违反辨认规则获得的辨认结果,并不当然否定其证据能力,当该结果获得了"真实性的情况保障"时,可以作为定案根据。     

释“干照”——从“唐宋变革”视野下的宋代田宅诉讼说起

宋代社会，契约文书伴随着土地私有制的深化及土地权利的分离，广泛地应用于百姓的日常生活中。与此同时，“干照”作为“田宅诉讼”中各类契约文书的通称，也因其具有示信、客观真实的证据作用而成为宋代司法判词的常用语。“干照”是宋代社会及司法活动中的固有词汇，它真实地反映着唐宋的社会变革，把它作为一个有意义的语言符号置于宋代社会结构的网络中，其背后反映的是宋代司法结构的变化与司法传统的转型。     

试论汉语在泰国语言政策中的地位变迁

汉语是泰国的一门重要外语,在泰国经历了自由发展、被限制打压和当前的迅速发展几个不同阶段。本文旨在梳理不同历史时期汉语在泰国语言政策中不同地位的基础上,指出汉语在泰国语言政策中的地位变化与中泰关系的亲疏程度、汉语工具价值的高低、泰国华人国家认同的变化等因素有密切联系。     

浅议和谐社会的法律保障

构建社会主义和谐社会不但需要完善的法律,而且法律的制定必须坚持以人为本、遵循客观规律、符合理性精神,同时还必须增强政府部门的执法素质和全社会的守法意识与法制观念,切实做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究.文章从建立民主法治着眼,就立法、执法、守法几个方面阐述自己关于建立和谐社会的相关观点.     

暴力危及飞行安全罪

暴力危及飞行安全罪的直接结果是被施暴者人身伤亡,构成要件结果是危及飞行安全,侵犯客体是飞行安全,主观方面包括故意和过失。暴力包括一切足以危及飞行安全的暴力;在飞行中是指在空中飞行中,不包括在跑道上滑行或停止状态;严重后果是指危及飞行安全的严重后果,不包括直接结果。     

从《治安管理处罚法》的出台管窥我国的法治进程

《治安管理处罚法》的出台是我国治安管理领域的一次重要变革,它所反映出的对公民人权的保障,对警察权力的规范和制约以及对程序法制的重视,无疑是我国法治文明的巨大进步。但是它自身立法模式的相对滞后以及一些具体内容在理论界所引起的争论,也反映出我国的法治进程还有很长的路要走。