Organizing to rule: structure,agent, and explaining presidential management styles in Africa

Recent studies of comparative presidentialism have emphasized the importance of informal relationships between presidents and other political actors in explaining how presidents build governing coalitions. What has generally been under-investigated in the literature is how the characteristics of “presidents as agents” impact how they interact with other political actors – in particular, how presidents relate to their cabinets in terms of turnover and inclusiveness. We hypothesize that presidents who were former rebel leaders will behave very differently from presidents that do not have such backgrounds. To test our hypotheses, we collected data from 36 countries that are classified either as presidential or semi-presidential systems in Africa with 93 individual presidential administrations from 1990 to 2009. We found that presidents who were former rebel leaders were less likely to have major cabinet turnovers than other presidents. However, former rebel leaders did not have less politically inclusive cabinets (at least in partisan terms) but did have less ethnically inclusive cabinets than presidents with other backgrounds. The results suggest that agent characteristics, that is, the previous experiences of the president as a decision maker, are as important as the structural constraints he or she faces.     

Global political leadership in the twenty-first century: problems and prospects

While issues of political leadership have recently powerfully reclaimed ground in international political science, global political leadership has remained strikingly understudied. This article starts with a reconstruction of the diffusive leadership debate in international relations and eventually arrives at the fundamental distinction between structural leadership, relating to the material power capabilities of an actor, and behavioural leadership which refers to the concrete actions of a possible leader. It then inquires what collective actors – from major states via international organizations to transnational movements – could possibly exert global political leadership (structural, behavioural, or both). Overall, the major states would appear to hold the most favourable position, though their relative superiority in terms of material capabilities alone does not turn them into genuine leaders. The most radical visions, such as global leadership by transnational networks of civil society, are also the most vulnerable empirically. Given their explicit focus on ‘real change’, they correspond however more closely to established notions of genuine leadership than the order- and stability-oriented agendas of most other players.     

求真务实是领导干部应具备的基本品格

求真务实,是构建社会主义和谐社会、践行“三个代表”重要思想和树立科学发展观的理论基石。领导干部只有大力弘扬求真务实精神,大兴求真务实之风,才能扎实有效地履行好党和人民所赋予的责任。     

完善党政领导人才选拔任用机制的三个方向:制度化、民主化、科学化

党政领导人才选拔任用机制创新是我国公共部门人力资源管理领域的核心问题,本文在总结党政领导人才选拔任用工作的成就和分析其存在问题的基础上,从制度化、民主化和科学化的角度,探索了完善党政领导人才选拔任用机制的方向与途径。     

领导干部法治思维探析

善于运用法治思维推动改革深化、促进经济社会发展、化解社会矛盾、维护社会稳定,是衡量领导干部执政能力的新标准、新要求。用新标准、新要求来衡量,当前领导干部的法治思维能力亟待提高,这突出表现在:在部分领导干部中法律虚无主义和法律工具论仍有市场,以权力为本位忽视公民权利,法律信仰缺失、法律意识落后、法治思维习惯尚未养成等方面。要提升领导干部的法治思维能力,必须加强法律学习,培育法治文化;注重法治观念的更新;以制度创新促成法治信仰的形成;调整法治宣传教育的重点。     

公安队伍执行力的影响因素分析——基于公安组织内部个体、制度和文化的视角

执行力是公安工作的生命力。公安队伍执行力是指履行政治和社会职能、克服工作障碍、提高工作质量、增强工作效果的能力。领导权力、组织制度和组织文化等直接影响着警务活动的开展和队伍管理制度的执行,成为影响公安队伍执行力的重要因素。     

CRIMINAL GROUP EMBEDDEDNESS AND THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ARRESTING A GANG'S LEADER: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY

Although law enforcement agencies arrest criminal group leaders to dismantle organized crime, few studies have assessed whether such interventions produce adverse effects. Through a mixed‐method comparative case study of the Latin Kings and 22 Boys street gangs in Chicago, this article examines the consequences of arresting a gang's leader. Using violent crime data, I show that a spike in violent crime took place in the first month after the arrest of the 22 Boys gang leader. In contrast, the arrest of the Latin Kings gang leader produced no change in violent crime. Using several qualitative data sources, I show that the arrest of the 22 Boys gang leader temporarily led to the gang's withdrawal from its territory, which spurred violent aggression from rival gangs in adjacent territories. In contrast, the Latin Kings gang continued its operations because the gang's prison leaders quickly appointed new leadership. The results suggest that criminal group embeddedness (or the social relations between criminal groups) can contribute to adverse effects in interventions targeting gang or other criminal group leaders.     

论公安基层领导班子中正职与副职的关系

处理正职与副职的关系 ,首先是正职要率先垂范 ,发挥核心作用 ,做到发扬民主 ,不搞小山头 ,对副职放心放手 ,对工作统筹兼顾。而副职则要甘当助手 ,主动配合 ,同心同德 ,做好分管工作 ,这就能和衷共济 ,增强班子凝聚力和战斗力。     

三代领导人关于青年工作创新的思想

毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民同志在不同历史时期提出的关于青年工作创新的思想,虽然因为革命和建设的时代不同而各有侧重,但都是与时俱进的科学理论、一脉相承的思想宝库、开拓创新的精神动力。他们特别强调的是青年工作要推动进步事业、弘扬社会文明、服务群众利益、敢于探索创造、有利青年成长、照顾青年特点。当前,青年工作的创新要注意工作方向、工作目的、工作对象、工作方法的改变。如今,以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央集体继承三代领导人的思想精髓,对青年工作给予高度重视和科学指导,必将促进共青团组织的创新和发展。     

联系实际 突出特色 扎实开展学习实践活动

在全党开展深入学习实践科学发展观活动是党的十七大作出的战略部署,是用中国特色社会主义理论武装全党的重大举措,是用党的创新理论指导实践、推动工作的实际步骤。在辽宁警专深入扎实地开展好这次学习实践活动,就要准确把握其指导思想,切实提高思想认识、加强组织领导,始终坚持中央和辽宁省委提出的学习实践活动的主要原则,密切结合公安教育改革发展和学校工作实际,突出实践特色,统筹抓好各个阶段、环节的具体工作。