先秦时期国家安全思想述论

尽管先秦时期没有出现“国家安全”这样的术语,但是随着中国早期国家结构与天下秩序的逐步形成和完善,先秦时期的国家安全思想也已经初具雏形。政治安全思想可以概括为居安思危,有备无患;敬天保民,明德慎罚;正名奉法,殊途同归;以内驭外,召远修近。经济安全思想可以概括为富民利民,恒产安国;重农抑商,务本利国;开源节流,裕民足国。军事安全思想可以概括为重视国防,强化军备;用兵有道,谋略制胜;文武结合,法纪强军。社会安全思想可以概括为民为邦本,本固邦宁;敦行教化,家国和谐;储粮备荒,稳定社会。先秦时期的国家安全思想既具有鲜明的时代特色,也具有鲜明的中国特色,其基本特点大致可概括为天人合一,敬天重民;内外兼备,家国并重;以德为尊,以和为贵;战争如疾,谋略至上。先秦时期的国家安全思想奠定了中国此后两千多年来国家安全思想的基调,其中有不少内容具有超越时空的价值,对进一步丰富和完善新时代总体国家安全观的内涵,构建具有中国特色的国家安全理论体系,具有重要的现实意义。     

新时期邓小平宪法思想探析——谨以此文纪念邓小平逝世十周年

新时期邓小平宪法思想的主要内容,可以概括为六点.这些思想的形成,有四个主要原因.在这些思想指引下,我们在维护宪法权威方面取得了重要成就.     

大豆异黄酮对阿尔茨海默病大鼠乙酰胆碱代谢的影响

目的 观察大豆异黄酮（soybean isoflavone,SIF）对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease,AD）模型大鼠海马乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,ACh）代谢的影响,探讨SIF治疗AD的作用机制。方法 将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,戊酸雌二醇组和SIF高、低剂量组,采用双侧海马注射β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)复制AD大鼠模型,分别给药21 d后,采用Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,免疫组织化学法检测大鼠海马组织ACh、胆碱乙酰转移酶（choline acetyl transferase,ChAT）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholine esterase,AchE）的表达。结果 SIF可显著降低AD大鼠的逃避潜伏期（P<0.01）,显著增加AD大鼠的游泳时间百分比、穿过平台次数以及海马组织ACh、ChAT、AchE的表达（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 SIF可能通过增强海马组织ACh的代谢起到提高学习记忆能力的作用。     

To address or not to address the violent past in the classroom? That is the question in Côte d’Ivoire

In the aftermath of violent conflict, divided societies have to answer the important question of whether, when and how to address their country’s violent past within their educational system. Whereas some scholars within the field of peace education and transitional justice argue that addressing the violent past in the classroom is important for fostering mutual understanding and empathy among future generations in order to prevent conflict recurrence, other scholars are more sceptical about the need and feasibility of addressing the violent past in schools. They emphasize the possible negative impact in terms of increased tensions within schools and within society more generally. The current paper makes an important empirical contribution to this debate by analysing the views and perceptions on this matter of 984 secondary school teachers in Abidjan, the largest city and de facto capital of Côte d’Ivoire – a country that was recently torn apart by ethnic strife and violent conflict. It emerges that while so far most teachers have shied away from addressing their country’s conflict history in class, it also appeared that many of the teachers were actually in favour of breaking this culture of silence.     

Culture,community-oriented learning and the post-2015 development agenda: a view from Laos

This article critically interrogates current policy-sector approaches to culturally sensitive development and the manner in which culture has been conceptualised within the post-2015 development agenda-setting process. By providing a brief interpretive summary of academic debates surrounding culture and development, an analysis of how ‘culturally sensitive’ practices have been pursued within the policy sector, and an examination of the insufficient consideration given to culturally sensitive development within post-2015 agenda setting, I argue that much uncertainty remains around how to translate complex academic understandings of culture and development into policy responses. Following this, I provide one case study drawn from the small, low-income country of Laos to suggest possibilities as to how culturally sensitive development may be better conceptualised and implemented within a post-2015 global development era.     

Explaining Quality Management in the Danish and Swedish Public Health Sectors: Unintended Learning and Deliberate Co-Optation

This article examines the development of diverse quality systems in the otherwise quite similar Danish and Swedish public health sectors. After decades of numerous piecemeal medical and managerial quality development programs in both countries, a nationwide mandatory accreditation system was introduced in the Danish health services in 2009. Nationwide quality indicator projects are also found in Sweden, but there has been political attempt to introduce a compulsory system. This article seeks to explain this difference. It argues, first, that resistance from the medical professions blocked the introduction of compulsory, nationwide quality systems in both countries for decades. Second, the implementation of the Danish accreditation system was triggered by a combination of unintended policy learning produced by local reforms in two counties and of the Ministry of Health’s carefully orchestrated policy process that served to co-opt critical voices in the medical profession.     

在全面深化改革中做好工会维权和服务工作的思考

习近平总书记来京视察的重要指示,为新时期北京工作指明了方向,北京在全面深化改革中面临前所未有的机遇。为此,做好工会维权和服务工作把握的原则和切入点是,坚定方向、围绕大局、贴近基层、破解难题。主要任务是,强化劳模、技能人才两支队伍建设、加强维权制度建设、健全完善社会化网络化服务职工工作体系,同时,必须加强工会组织建设,转变作风、增强活力、促进民主办会、提升干部队伍素质。     

政府特许经营若干问题研究——关于"什刹海胡同游"政府特许经营的实例调查

政府对“胡同”这一旅游资源实施特许经营,在全国尚无先例。北京市西城区政府率先对“什刹海胡同游”实施特许经营,是对现代管理方式的一次大胆尝试。本文从分析“什刹海胡同游”政府特许经营的必要性入手,阐明其实质是对公共资源的产权重组;通过对该项目实施步骤及相关法律问题的探讨,理顺各种法律关系;同时对政府特许经营的实施经验加以思考总结,意图为政府特许经营制度的完善提供参考。     

The Disruptive and Transformative Potential of Hypertext in the Classroom: Implications for Active Learning

This article describes a further extension of a strategy to move from a teacher-oriented to a student-oriented learning environment through the use of 'collaborative hypertext.' Students were trained in the use of MidasWeb, a Web-based environment for the organization, storage, and retrieval of hypertext documents and images. Over the course of the term students worked in teams to construct their MidasWeb sites by developing the underlying conceptual frameworks for their subject areas and uploading documents. The results of questionnaire surveys of the students suggest that the MidasWeb exercise did achieve our objective of disrupting the traditional relationship between teacher and student to create a more student-centered environment. The more students became involved in the exercise the more they felt empowered with respect to the subject matter of the course and took responsibility for deriving meaning from the information they had obtained. In addition, the experience encouraged them to think about the subject matter across interdisciplinary lines. Because the MidasWeb exercise was structured as a group activity, the effectiveness of the team coordinators had an impact on the success of the teams as well as the nature of the learning experience of the individuals involved. Although the MidasWeb exercise was a successful application of digital technology to classroom learning, it was not a resounding success, because the impact on the students in the course was not uniform. While a substantial majority of them found MidasWeb to be very involving and moved toward student-centered learning, approximately one third of them, especially students who were uncomfortable with computer technology, did not benefit fully from the exercise. This suggests that in the future more time should be spent on training, and that MidasWeb needs to be made more user friendly for unsophisticated users.