The Liberal Left Opts for Terror

For a century, intellectual debate on political violence has been dominated by efforts to romanticize the extremist and to invest him with the aura of the altruistic “freedom fighter.” It is astonishing that in the post-9/11 era, the terrorist's image continues to remain habitually mystified and ennobled, while terror attacks are justified as self-defense. “Terrorist discourse” is indicative of the universality of the intellectual position of the Left with regard to terror, national discrepancies notwithstanding. The present article evaluates leftist liberals' attitudes towards terrorism in the 20th-century Russian Empire, Europe, the U.S., and especially Israel—one of the epicenters of terrorism today. The article proposes to examine psychological responses to terrorism in conjunction with a range of contemporary reactions to threats, acknowledged or displaced with an assortment of mental constructs and rationalizations.     

媒体报道85起医疗过失精神损害赔偿费分析

目的　探讨医疗过失索赔精神损失费 85起案例的特点 ,并提出相应的建议。　方法　采用回顾性调查方法对从 1996年 2月至 2 0 0 1年 6月报刊杂志上收集的 85例医疗过失索赔精神损失案件进行分析 ,按照医疗过失涉及的科室、发生医院的等级、索赔额与实际赔偿额等因素进行统计量化处理。　结果　媒体报道的索赔精神损失费案件中 ,手术科室和用血监测部门是医疗过失涉及的主要场所 ;大医院是发生医疗过失的主要场所 ,在美容损害中诊所、美容院中发生为多见 ;精神损失索赔额大多数目巨大 ;精神损失赔偿的实际赔偿额远低于索赔额。　结论　通过对 85起案例的分析 ,提出如下对策 :(1)必须加强对手术科室和用血监测的管理 ;(2 )精神损害赔偿的法规需进一步完善 ;(3)新闻报道要增强社会责任感 ,在维护患方权益的同时 ,也要切实保护医方的利益。     

Measurement and Other Errors in County-Level UCR Data: A Reply to Lott and Whitley

Lott and Whitley note that our analyses of the errors in the county-level UCR data used in More Guns, Less Crime (J. R. Lott, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1998, 2000) ignore the fact that all data have measurement error, that the largest errors were in counties with low populations, and that population-weighted regressions were used. We agree that this mitigates some of the effects of the errors, but does not take them fully into account. We also note that this is but one of the problems associated with the analysis. We therefore find no reason to alter our original conclusion, that in their current condition, county-level UCR crime statistics cannot be used for evaluating the effects of changes in policy.     

合同因错误而撤销的信赖赔偿责任

合同因错误而被撤销,撤销人应负担信赖赔偿责任。该制度渊源于罗马法,历经德国学者温德夏特、耶林、贝尔、梅尔的建构,最终在1896德国民法典中确立,并被现代各国民法继受。错误信赖赔偿责任是信赖保护的重要制度。它不同于缔约过失责任,不以过失为要件,而以信赖为归责原则,具有独立的构成要件和适用范围。它是一种独立的责任形态,旨在追求公平理念。我国应当确立错误信赖赔偿责任。     

学术批评认识中的四个误区

当前学术界存在严重的学术腐败现象,亟须进行严肃的学术批评。但对学术批评,人们却在认识上存在四个误区:一是认为学术成果不具有学术性;二是认为学术批评者是为了追名逐利;三是认为搞学术批评是别有用心;四是认为只有“圣人”或“神”才有资格做学术批评。结果,在学术批评上出现了所谓“沉默的大多数”。学术界真正的希望不在于他们,而在于那些勇于捅破学术“溃疡”的人们。     

医疗过错:现实立法与学者意向--基于《医疗事故处理条例》和《中国民法典*侵权行为(法)篇草案建议稿》的分析

本文以新出台的<医疗事故处理条例>和学者们提出的<中国民法典*侵权行为 (法)编草案建议稿>为对象进行比较研究,试图探讨有关医疗过错的现实立法态度和学者们的意向,并对医疗过错立法提出个人的观点,希望能对我国民法典的起草起到一定的参考作用.     

侦查错误的类型、原因与预防策略

错误是与参照标准、规范、预期不一致的观念或者非故意行为,而侦查活动具有求真属性、策略属性和规范属性。因此,侦查错误可以分为事实型错误、决策型错误（或策略型错误）、规范型错误。事实型错误的原因包括侦查人员的认知心理等因素;决策型错误的原因包括事实型错误、对规范的理解错误等方面;规范型错误包括事实型错误、决策型错误、偏见、过度追求事实真相等。根据不同错误的原因,可以提出相应的预防策略。     

论刑事司法错误的发生机理与现实危害——基于诉讼运行的分析

从诉讼运行的角度讲,"不枉不纵/程序合法"仅是一种具有理想色彩的迷思,相反,刑事司法错误在诉讼现实中无可难免。这主要是因为,主观上,刑事司法制度的构建与运行受制于人类的有限理性;客观上,刑事司法活动的开启与完成也受到认知规律和物证技术的限制,难以保障不枉不纵和程序合法。而刑事司法错误的现实危害却极大,微观上造成本案权益的损失与司法成本的耗费,宏观上则导致程序刚性的式微与国家信用的流失。     

Does ticket-splitting decrease the accuracy of recalled previous voting? Evidence from three German panel surveys

This paper addresses the role of ticket-splitting in decreasing the accuracy of recalled previous voting. It suggests that ticket-splitting makes recalling vote choice a more difficult task and thus increases recall error. Using data from three German panel surveys conducted from 1998 to 2008, the paper demonstrates that ticket-splitting increases recall error by a considerable margin, even after controlling for behavioral and attitudinal predictors. This finding suggests that recall accuracy is not a stable voter characteristic. It also lends credence to the notion that the increase in ticket-splitting in recent German elections decreased the accuracy of recalled previous voting. Finally, the evidence suggests that electoral systems affect the validity of survey answers concerning previous vote choice.     

Optimal agency contracts: The effect of vicarious liability and judicial error

Under the doctrine of vicarious liability, a deep-pocket principal is often held responsible for a third-party harm caused by a judgment-proof agent’s negligence. We analyze the incentive contract used by the principal to control the agent’s behavior when a court can make an error in determining the agent’s negligence. We show that (1) reducing the error of declaring the agent not negligent even when he was (pro-defendant or type II error) is better than reducing the error of declaring the agent negligent even when he was not (pro-plaintiff or type I error) and (2) allowing the principal to penalize the agent even when the court declares the agent not negligent improves welfare. The latter supports the argument that causing an accident (or a reliable allegation of misconduct) should be sufficient to justify a “just cause” termination of an employee.