论我国社区矫正的立法及机构和队伍建设

社区矫正的试点和发展迫切需要制定地方性法规 ,这是社区矫正工作发展的法律保障 ;而社区矫正管理机构的科学设定和建设一支专业化的社区矫正队伍是我国社区矫正成功的关键。     

Engendering regulation of artisanal and small-scale mining: participation,protection and access to justice

Abstract

This article argues that adopting a gender perspective when regulating artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is both necessary and achievable. The authors analyse women’s often-ignored needs and experiences as workers, decision-makers and affected community members in the ASM sector. To address these concerns, this article sets out standards for regulating ASM to guarantee women’s access to services and information and women’s decision-making and representation; to address the specific risks women face in the sector; and to provide access to effective remedies. The authors use international instruments to identify good practice benchmarks from which legislators and policymakers can draw. The article also notes where global norms fall short of addressing women’s rights in ASM. Some of the limitations of this approach are also acknowledged, notably the challenge of establishing gender-responsive laws that can be feasibly and effectively implemented. Nonetheless, the proposed approach should be favoured to better respond to the highly masculinised nature of the sector and the differentiated impacts of ASM on men and women while recognising women’s roles as beneficiaries and productive agents of the sector.     

An Overview of 3D Printing in Forensic Science: The Tangible Third-Dimension

There has been a rapid development and utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in engineering, health care, and dentistry. Like many technologies in overlapping disciplines, these techniques have proved to be useful and hence incorporated into the forensic sciences. Therefore, this paper describes how the potential of using 3D printing is being recognized within the various sub-disciplines of forensic science and suggests areas for future applications. For instance, the application can create a permanent record of an object or scene that can be used as demonstrative evidence, preserving the integrity of the actual object or scene. Likewise, 3D printing can help with the visualization of evidential spatial relationships within a scene and increase the understanding of complex terminology within a courtroom. However, while the application of 3D printing to forensic science is beneficial, currently there is limited research demonstrated in the literature and a lack of reporting skewing the visibility of the applications. Therefore, this article highlights the need to create good practice for 3D printing across the forensic science process, the need to develop accurate and admissible 3D printed models while exploring the techniques, accuracy and bias within the courtroom, and calls for the alignment of future research and agendas perhaps in the form of a specialist working group.     

回顾与展望:我国司法鉴定制度变迁与实践

《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》出台至今司法鉴定制度建设可大致划分为制度建立、细化管理、严格监管三个阶段。15年以来,鉴定制度建设成效显著,鉴定活动及管理日趋规范,鉴定数量和规模大幅增长,鉴定研究成果丰硕。但仍有一些问题有待进一步解决,更高层次的统一立法尚未突破,存在标准化与科学化的技术瓶颈,鉴定资源与司法需求仍的矛盾,行业自治和认证认可有待完善,鉴定研究手段和成果发表也存在局限。应进一步加强司法鉴定立法,关注司法鉴定实践,注重引导电子化时代司法鉴定的发展。     

刑事立法模式的宪法考察

现行刑事立法采取了将所有犯罪规定在一部刑法典中的模式,没有在行政法、经济法等法律中直接规定构成要件与法定刑,导致刑法典中出现大量的绝对空白刑法规范与相对空白刑法规范,并且形成了自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法体例。法律保留原则、明确性原则与比例原则是宪法原则;绝对空白刑法规范违反了法律保留原则,相对空白刑法规范不符合明确性原则;自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法体例不符合比例原则。只有改变现行刑事立法模式,在行政法、经济法等法律中直接规定相关犯罪的构成要件与法定刑,在刑法典中仅规定自然犯,才能使刑事立法模式与宪法相协调。     

论加入WTO对中国经济法制的影响

加入WTO将会对我国经济法制产生重要影响,这种影响主要体现在经济立法和法律适用等方面.在经济立法方面,我国将根据WTO国际规则和已作出的承诺,相应修改及增加经济立法的规定,受影响的主要是外贸立法和外资立法领域.在法律适用方面,这种影响体现为国内法院和行政机关如何使WTO国际规则在国内得以实施.     

完善农民私权利的制度经济学分析

随着建设社会主义和谐社会和工业反哺农业的不断发展、深入,农村面貌已经有了较大的改观,农民人均收入在不断地增加。党的十六届五中全会提出,建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大而长期的历史任务,也是加强“三农”工作的重大战略举措,事关全面建设小康社会和社会主义现代化建设的全局。然而“三农”问题不仅仅是一个经济问题,更是一个法律问题。“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,而解决农民问题首先是要解决权利问题,具体来说,就是如何建立保护农民私权利的体制问题。     

论我国《商标法》中的诚实信用原则

作为"帝王条款"的诚实信用原则以其所负载的价值涵摄全部私法法域。诚信原则浸染在《商标法》中,存在着深刻的理论根据。诚实信用由道德转化为法律,其基本途径是通过两种方式来实现的:一是制定成具有弹性力的原则性规定;一是将其作为基本原则蕴涵在法律规范中,制定成可操作性的具体法律规范。通过后一种方式,《商标法》将诚实信用原则贯穿于其法律规范中。     

激情犯的概念及立法问题

激情犯,又称为情感犯,在大陆法系刑法和英美法系刑法中,都有关于激情犯的规定。然而我国当前还没有正式关于激情犯的刑事立法与司法解释,我国刑法著作中对此虽有提及,但缺乏系统的论述。在刑事立法和司法实践中承认激情犯的存在,是理论上的必然和实践上的需要。     

建立我国判例制度之探讨

20世纪以来,世界两大法系不断融合,逐渐走向“混合法”时代。在这一趋势下,借鉴判例近年来在我国兴起,逐渐为我国司法机关所接受,在司法解释占主体地位的司法体制中产生影响并在实践中开始具有法律的效力。我国应根据具体国情对判例加以批判使用,建立具有中国特色的司法体系。