Administrative Discretion and Environmental Regulation: Agency Substantive Rules and Court Decisions in U.S. Air and Water Quality Policies

The main challenge of the scholarship with administrative discretion is how to reach the appropriate balance between a commitment to legislative preferences and flexibility in regulating diverse targets in constantly changing environments. This article focuses on how regulators and courts interact in influencing the potential for administrative discretion in U.S. environmental policy. It creates an analytical framework highlighting the construction of substantive rules by an agency, the interpretation of agency rulings by courts, capacity of an agency for implementation, and legislative responsiveness to agency rulings. It analyzes several cases of the introduction of incentive-based economic instruments administered by the Environmental Protection Agency in air and water policies. The cases reveal the intensified and expanded production of substantive regulations by the agency and the trajectory of a struggle in the judiciary to advance both the legislative intent and the substantive goal of protecting the environment in a more cost-effective and less burdensome way.     

CRIMINAL ACHIEVEMENT, OFFENDER NETWORKS AND THE BENEFITS OF LOW SELF-CONTROL

This study follows recent research on criminal earnings and examines the impact of underlying traits (low self-control) and personal organization features (nonredundant networking) on the criminal earnings of a sample of incarcerated offenders previously involved in market and predatory crimes. Controlling for various background factors (age, noncriminal income, lambda and costs of doing crime), both low self-control and nonredundant networking independently explain why some offenders are more successful than others in achieving higher monetary standards through crime. Although efficient, brokerage-like networking enhances market offenders' earnings, low self-control emerges as an asset for predatory offenders: the lower their self-control, the higher their criminal earnings. For market offenders, however, low self-control has no direct effect, but it does mitigate the impact of effective networking on criminal earnings. The results emerging from this study have implications for Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory of crime and the advent of a criminal network perspective. Extensions are also made toward the conventional/criminal embeddedness framework and deterrence research.     

关于建立企业战略的若干思考

经营的有效性曾使许多企业获得了巨大成功 ,但经营的有效性是不能等同于战略的。本文从企业战略的模式、企业长远发展、战略控制和战略创新四个方面对建立有效的企业战略进行了探讨。     

经济性职务犯罪信息化预防机制初探

职务犯罪的预防由于其程序的前置性，在先天上具有职务犯罪单一打击所不具有的优势。涉及经济问题的各类职务犯罪行为中。行为人获取非法经济利益的途径都有着共同或相似的特征模式，在此基础上对过程行为进行控制，就有可能达到预防职务犯罪的目的。这种控制行为建立在犯罪控制的理论基础之上，利用先进的信息化技术设置屏障，阻断人为因素的干扰，使此类涉及经济活动的职务犯罪得以有效的预防。     

谈看守所在押人员动态控制与事故的预防

监管安全是看守所的第一需要,也是做好其他工作的前提和基础。丧失了安全保障,侦查、起诉、审判和执行工作也就无从谈起。控制在押人员动态,预防各类事故的发生,发挥看守所监管安全长效机制,是看守所羁押管理工作的关键所在。     

父母教养行为对儿童、青少年问题行为的影响

近十年来，研究者们开始按父母教养行为的三个维度（即父母的支持，父母的心理控制，父母的行为控制）来研究教养。大量研究发现，心理控制是危险的教养行为，而行为控制是积极的教养行为。父母支持则会促进儿童、青少年的自尊、社会交往能力等方面的发展。近期的研究也发现，教养行为各维度的结合对儿童、青少年的发展有特别的影响。     

试论从源头上防治腐败的逻辑进路

从源头上预防和治理腐败是中国特色反腐倡廉建设的主要经验之一,推进此项工作的科学化需要构建其逻辑进路。基于对腐败源头和防治关键点的分析,本文初步构建出反腐败治本抓源头工作的逻辑进路:包括分制权力、限定权力、监督权力和公开权力。相应地,从源头上防治腐败工作可统统归为四个方面的制度建设:权力分解制度建设、权力规范制度建设、权力监督制度建设和政务公开制度建设,使权力的设置更加科学化和规范化,权力的运行更加合法化和透明化。     

关于成立税务警察的法律思考

目前我国警税协作共同打击涉税案件,然而这种警税协作机制带来诸多弊端,无法保障良好的税收环境和税收秩序,不能达到将足额的税收上缴国库的目的,因此,建立税务警察是我国未来的必然趋势.税务警察的建立可在警察院校设税务警察院系培养税务警察、将税务警察设在税务机关内、未来立法明文规定税务警察的职责权限,等等.     

从正当到合法：作为司法裁判依据的群众感觉

司法作为整个社会系统的一部分，其独立具有相对性，同时，司法过程也非完全封闭，具有开放性。在此语境下，群众感觉由于其自身的合理性使得其作为司法裁判依据有了正当性基础并且符合现实需求。关键在于如何转化，使其披上“合法性”外衣。基于现代司法的基本要求，通过立法和司法实现程序性转化是两种可能的选择。     

区分制共犯制度模式研究

区分制是相对于单一正犯体制而言的一种共犯制度模式,其特点在制度外观上表现为在总则中为参与犯设定专门的处罚条件,在制度内涵上表现为将参与犯与实行犯区别对待。在大陆法系国家,区分制共犯制度模式有区别参与犯样态规定处罚条件,对应规定个别化处罚原则、区别参与犯样态规定处罚条件,等价处罚、统一规定参与犯处罚条件,等价处罚、统一规定参与犯处罚条件,按照参与性质和作用确定处罚等具体立法样态;主要英美法系国家的共犯立法也属于区分制模式,其通过未完成罪和狭义的共犯两种不同的刑事责任原则为参与犯设定处罚条件。