《鹿特丹规则》中货物控制权之法律性质

货物控制权作为《鹿特丹规则》规定的一类新型权利，按权利内容划分，它属于债权；按权利作用划分，它属于形成权。因此，控制权的行使既有债权的相对性特点，又有形成权的单方性特点。明确了控制权是一种形成权，才能按照控制权的法律特点在立法上确立其内容和行使条件。     

未成年人犯罪心理特征分析及防控对策研究

对于未成年人犯罪心理特征的研究,有利于我们更好的把握未成年人的心理发展轨迹、深化对未成年人犯罪问题的认识。较之以往,未成年人犯罪方式呈现新的特点,如犯罪群体年龄呈现降低趋势、犯罪主体呈现集群化倾向、行为方式呈现出狂妄残暴等特点。针对对未成年人犯罪特点及其所呈现出的新趋势,既要分析影响其发展变化的客观因素,又要从未成年人犯罪心理层面进行探究,以寻求更加科学的防控对策。     

美国宪法解释方法之要素分析

美国宪法解释方法虽各不相同,但每一种方法论背后基本上都围绕着相同的元素进行解释,这就是：宪法文字的含义、立宪者意图、司法判例和价值判断。无论上述哪种情况,总会涉及到法官的价值判断,这是无法摆脱的现实。只要是对文字语言的解释,解释者必然会将解释建立在自身的价值判断之上,关键是这种价值是否符合人类的整体价值和社会进步的价值观。     

论以信息为主导的社会治安防控体系

建立以信息为主导的社会治安防控体系，应坚持信息导侦，构建精确打击体系，即以信息为基础、依据、导向，准确而有效地打击犯罪；信息预警，构筑有效防范体系，即通过对信息的综合分析研判，对治安动向和犯罪态势作出准确预警，指导做好防范工作；信息促管，构筑社会化管理体系，即整合社会各方面治安力量及其信息资源，形成全民参与社会治安防控的格局；信息促控，完善治安监控体系，即通过各种基础信息和动态信息的收集、研判，有效掌握监控对象的基本情况，实现对它们的动态控制。     

较大城市立法权探析

较大城市立法权既是计划经济时代的产物,也是为了满足在市场经济条件下进行政治、经济体制改革探索和试验的要求。它在近20余年的进程中,为中央层面的立法提供了丰富的经验,许多全国性的法律都是在较大城市试行成功以后,再向全国推广。但是由于该制度缺乏宪法、法律的规范,以及在监督和规制方面还不是很完善,亟需引起高度重视。     

Reproductive behavior and contraceptive practices in comparative perspective,Switzerland (1955–1970)

This paper focuses on marital birth control practices c. 1955–1970, i.e. before the era of widespread uniform adoption of modern contraceptives, in two nearby Swiss cities characterized by different religious cultures. It asks how responsibility for contraceptive practices was shared within the marital couple, whether it was the object of discussion between spouses, how the choice of a method of contraception was made and how religious culture affected these elements. This paper uses written sources reflecting medical authorities' views about birth control and 48 semi-structured interviews with elderly persons from the lower middle and working classes. The results point to three key conclusions. Firstly, the findings show a joint responsibility of both spouses for contraceptive practices. Secondly, the paper shows that religious culture plays a key role in the access to means of birth control. Specifically, Fribourg gynecologists were reluctant to prescribe modern methods. Thirdly, the results underline that a combination of methods are used throughout reproductive life, depending on the spouses' desire to have additional children and on men and women's individual attitudes toward birth control methods.     

The cartography of responses to state crime: understanding the linkages among state abuses/crimes/deviance/harms/illegalities/wrongs,resistance/control,and state organizational reactions

Although a considerable amount of thoughtful scholarly research on state crime has been conducted and published, researchers have failed to assemble a comprehensive model of the process and reactions that begin after state crime has occurred and been detected. This article outlines a heuristic model that presents the major political actors that participate in this process and the relationships that can develop among them. In order to create the model, research that has been conducted on state crime is reviewed and integrated, difficulties with this work are analyzed, and recommendations about future research that can be conducted using the model are made.     

中国民法典编纂的障碍及其克服

在国家层面以及学者层面所存在的对民法的私法属性之缺乏认同,为民法典编纂在观念上的主要障碍,反法典化的理论观点、民法典编纂体系的理论纷争以及因侵权责任独立成编而导致的具体制度安排上的困难等,是民法典编纂在技术上的主要障碍。厘清理论研究与立法活动的关系,确立立法大局意识,在学者与立法机关以及学者相互之间达成理解和妥协,是克服民法典编纂之障碍的基本途径。     

Legislative Committees as Uncertainty Reduction Devices in Multiparty Parliamentary Democracies

Most research on committees in multiparty legislatures in parliamentary democracies focuses on their role in solving intra-cabinet delegation problems. Using a straightforward spatial model, this article discusses how committees can also solve uncertainty problems that arise in settings characterised by unstable coalitions, weak governmental agenda control and a lack of government change. In order to explore empirically how committees solve these problems, the article focuses on the success (and later decline) over the last 30 years of the sede legislativa, a law-making procedure that formalises ‘universalism’ in Italian legislative committees. The statistical results largely confirm the theoretical expectations.     

Explaining Reforms of Parliamentary Minority Rights: A Theoretical Framework with Case Study Application

How can we explain institutional reforms that redistribute institutional power between the parliamentary majority and minority? This paper proposes an informal theoretical model to explain such reforms in European parliaments based on congressional literature and inductive explanations from case studies. The article argues that political parties as the relevant actors pursue institutional reforms based on their substantive goals, their current and expected future government status, transaction and audience costs of reforms, second-order institutions that regulate the relative influence of actors in changing parliamentary rules, and the institutional status quo. Hypotheses derived from this model are tested with a qualitative case study of all standing order reforms in the Austrian parliament from 1945 to 2014. The empirical analysis finds support for various hypotheses and their underlying causal mechanisms. As Austria constitutes a least-likely case, the evidence provides strong support for the theoretical model.