SCAN is largely driven by 12 criteria: results from sexual abuse statements

Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN) is increasingly used by investigative authorities to evaluate the credibility of statements made by witnesses and suspects. SCAN, however, lacks a well-defined list of criteria, and does not involve a standardised scoring system. In the current study, we investigated which SCAN criteria are represented in actual statements. To this end, we analysed 82 sexual abuse cases of the Dutch police in which SCAN had been applied. Two independent coders scored the presence of various SCAN criteria in the: (1) written statements from victims, suspects, and witnesses; and also looked at the (2) recommendations for follow-up investigations that were derived from SCAN. Results showed that SCAN is primarily driven by 12 criteria. Results also indicated a low inter-rater agreement for most SCAN criteria, suggesting SCAN is insufficiently developed as a forensic tool. Still, the 12 criteria can be used as a starting point for future research on their psychometric properties.     

试析侦办交通肇事案件中测谎技术之运用

交通肇事案件侦办实例说明,运用传统侦查方法侦办此类案件有一定的局限性,而运用测谎技术则有其独特的作用。测谎原理满足和平获取口供的需要,交通肇事案件中运用测谎技术成功率也较高。在运用测谎技术成功侦办交通肇事案件过程中,要善于捕捉谈话信息、巧妙收集背景资料、准确抓住心理焦点、合理搭建心理台阶、熟练把握转变时机,同时要注意保证被测人意识清醒和减少＂翻供＂的可能性。     

测谎原理、冲突与法律思考

测谎是科学技术发展的产物，测谎证据也是自然科学与法律科学交叉共生的结果。通过鉴定结论，可以利用科学技术，给案件的侦破、公诉以及审判带来一些国家层面上的便利，但是，测谎证据同时也会引起国家利益与个人权利、科学与否的冲突。这里，问题的关键是如何给测谎证据以正确的定位。     

眼动追踪仪在测谎中的应用

目的探究眼动追踪在测谎中的应用价值。方法使用随机数字法将40名被试分为两组,实验组在实施模拟犯罪后利用眼动追踪仪记录其在观察靶刺激和非靶刺激时的瞳孔直径、注视时间、注视点和眨眼次数,对照组直接采集眼动数据。采用t检验分析实验组和对照组在观察靶刺激与非靶刺激时眼球运动参数的差异,用Pearson相关系数分析存在差异的眼球运动参数之间的相关性,用受试者操作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线估计眼球运动参数甄别实验组与对照组的有效性。结果实验组观察靶刺激与非靶刺激时相比,平均瞳孔直径减小、注视时间延长、注视点减少(P<0.05),但眨眼次数的差异无统计学意义。对照组在观察靶刺激和非靶刺激时上述指标的差异均无统计学意义。实验组平均注视时间与注视点呈负相关(r=-0.255,P<0.05),平均注视时间与平均瞳孔直径之间呈负相关(r=-0.218,P<0.05),注视点与平均瞳孔直径之间呈正相关(r=0.09,P<0.05)。平均瞳孔直径、平均注视时间和注视点的曲线下面积分别为0.603、0.621和0.580。结论眼动追踪仪所测得的平均瞳孔直径、平均注视时间和注视点在实验室条件下可以用于测谎。     

认知脑电测谎在民事经济纠纷案中的应用

认知脑电测谎因其对刺激加工过程的中枢神经系统的活动指标的锁时性记录，在技术上具有无法伪装、难以回避的优势，其科学性正逐渐被人们所认识，在公安司法调查中处于推广使用阶段。文章在对认知脑电技术优势的阐释，以及这项技术在民事经济纠纷案中应用的可行性进行分析的基础上，对其在民事纠纷案中的具体操作进行了一定的思考。     

“Intuitive” Lie Detection of Children’s Deception by Law Enforcement Officials and University Students

Adults ability to detect childrens deception was examined. Police officers, customs officers, and university students attempted to differentiate between children who lied or told the truth about a transgression. When children were simply questioned about the event (Experiment 1), the adult groups could not distinguish between lie-tellers and truth-tellers. However, participants were more accurate when the children had participated in moral reasoning tasks (Experiment 2) or promised to tell the truth (Experiment 3) before being interviewed. Additional exposure to the children did not affect accuracy (Experiment 4). Customs officers were more certain about their judgments than other groups, but no more accurate. Overall, adults have a limited ability to identify childrens deception, regardless of their experience with lie detection.     

论测谎工具的历史演变

人类在识别谎言的历史长河中经历了从非科学到科学的漫长过程,而这个过程中用于测谎的工具也经历了从随意到特意、从简单到复杂的发展过程。测谎工具的历史演变记录着测谎技术从不成熟走向成熟的历史轨迹,从简单的测谎装置到测谎仪雏形,然后到机械化测谎仪,进而到计算机化测谎仪。测谎工具的未来发展趋势是多样化的测谎系统。     

国内外液态爆炸物安全检查技术和设备的发展

液态爆炸物具有制造简易、不易识别、威力巨大、易于引爆等特点,这些特点增加了液态爆炸物安全检查的难度。液态爆炸物的安全检查分为探测、防护和处置三个环节。针对探测环节,文章综述了国内外主要使用的液态爆炸物探测技术及其特点,介绍了有代表性的技术产品,探讨了液态爆炸物探测技术的发展趋势,最后,对我国液态爆炸物安全检查行业的技术发展提出了几点建议。     

Suicidal Fatality from Azide Ingestion

A 35-year-old man ingested an unknown amount of sodium azide and died within 2 h. The postmortem interval was 3 days. No alcohol or drugs were found in the blood and urine. Azide was derivatized in the peripheral blood, urine, and vitreous fluid with propionic anhydride. A portion of the headspace was injected onto a gas chromatograph with a nitrogen–phosphorus detector. Azide was quantitated in the peripheral blood (1.1 μg/mL), urine (7.5 μg/mL), and vitreous (43 μg/mL). The vitreous appears to be a better fluid for azide screening because of slower degradation.     

测谎技术及其在我国司法实践中的应用

测谎仪的发明和应用,在犯罪侦查史上是一个重大的突破。现在,测谎技术作为一项通用高科技已被世界上50多个国家广泛应用于国防、司法乃至商业等各个领域。实践证明,测谎技求完全是科学可信的,通过测谎可以准确地鉴别有罪和无罪。近年来,测谎技术正快速和大量地进入了我国司法领域,它作为一种行之有效的辅助侦查手段,为公、检、法、司等机关解决众多疑难案件提供了重要的参考依据,并取得显著效果。为了促进和推广这项技术的应用,本文着重对测谎技术的概念和原理及其在我国司法实践中的应用等方面作较详细的阐述。