英语第三人称复数代词指代归属的逻辑判析

英语第三人称复数代词的指代归属常令中国读者倍感困惑。本文从涉及这一困惑的照应关系和语言环境两个方面，对此归属的取向给以合乎思维规律的判断与分析。     

刍议刑事判例制度

刑事判例是指最高审判机关或者上级审判机关对同级或者下级审判机关在对刑事案件适用刑法过程中所形成的有效判决进行识别、整理、汇编而形成的对同级或者下级审判机关在办理同类案件时具有事实上、业务上、制度上普遍约束力的指导、借鉴、援用和解释法律作用的范例。刑事判例的产生、运用过程中所形成的系统就是刑事判例制度,包括判例的识别、适用判例的原则、规则和方法、判例集的汇编、公布以及援用等。该制度对刑法和司法解释的不足起弥补作用并且是实现罪刑法定原则的重要途径。它依托制定法,除没有法源外具有判例法的其他特点。     

A quantitative method for estimation of volume changes in arachnoid foveae with age

Age-related changes of arachnoid foveae have been described, but objective, quantitative analyses are lacking. A new quantitative method is presented for estimation of change in total volume of arachnoid foveae with age. The pilot sample consisted of nine skulls from the Palmer Anatomy Laboratory. Arachnoid foveae were filled with sand, which was extracted using a vacuum pump. Mass was determined with an analytical balance and converted to volume. A reliability analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficients. The method was found to be highly reliable (intraobserver ICC = 0.9935, interobserver ICC = 0.9878). The relationship between total volume and age was then examined in a sample of 63 males of accurately known age from the Hamann-Todd collection. Linear regression analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between total volume and age, or foveae frequency and age (alpha = 0.05). Development of arachnoid foveae may be influenced by health factors, which could limit its usefulness in aging.     

浅谈对少量字的检验

少量字的检验是目前文件检验的一项主要内容 ,因其字数少 ,犯罪嫌疑人的书写习惯体现不充分 ,检验起来有一定难度。本文对两例无伪装的典型少量字的检验进行了类比分析 ,以期探求少量字检验的科学方法 ,为案件侦破提供可靠的科学依据。     

Discriminating language rights and politics in the post-Yugoslav states

ABSTRACT

Pupavac examines the rise of linguistic human rights advocacy and its approach in a case study of language politics in the post-Yugoslav states. A core concern of contemporary linguistic rights advocacy has been to tackle ethnically based discrimination and promote ethnic diversity. It does not only seek to prevent states from discriminating against those who speak minority languages. It expects states to take positive steps to preserve their diversity of languages. However, strategies affirming distinct linguistic identities may become complicit in perpetuating ethnic discrimination and ethnic divisions, as is evident in the language politics of the post-Yugoslav states.     

被伐树木整体分离痕迹检验中特殊特征和固有特征的运用

被伐树木形成的整体分离痕迹有其独特性,反映出特有的规律。本文介绍了在盗伐林木案件中,运用整体分离痕迹检验原理、方法,检验被伐树木分离面、分离缘的形态,检验其凸凹断茬特征、虫眼特征、裂纹特征、空心特征等特殊特征以及节子特征、年轮特征、木射线特征、树皮纹理特征等固有特征。特别是在两对应的锯断面之间木质完全缺失情况下,综合运用上述特征有针对性地检验,解决了部分被伐树木整体分离痕迹检验中分离痕迹能否作为同一认定证据、分离体是否原为同一整体的问题。文中所述对被伐树木上的特殊特征和固有特征的研究和运用,拓宽了被伐树木整体分离痕迹检验中特征标记的范围,为丰富被伐树木整体分离痕迹的检验方法提供了参考。     

Weight of authorship evidence with multiple categories of stylometric features: A multinomial-based discrete model

This study empirically demonstrates the efficacy of a two-level Dirichlet-multinomial statistical model (the Multinomial system) for computing likelihood ratios (LR) for linguistic, textual evidence with multiple stylometric feature types with discrete values. The LRs are calculated separately for each feature type, namely, word, character and part of speech N-grams (N = 1,2,3), which are combined as overall LRs through logistic regression fusion. The Multinomial system’s performance is compared with that of a previously proposed system with the cosine distance (the Cosine system) using the same data (i.e., documents collated from 2160 authors). The experimental results show that: (1) the Multinomial system outperforms the Cosine system with the fused feature types by a log-LR cost of ca. 0.01 ～ 0.05 bits; and (2) the Multinomial system is more advantageous in performance with longer documents than the Cosine system. Although the Cosine system is more robust overall against the sampling variability arising from the number of authors included in the reference and calibration databases, the Multinomial system can achieve reasonable stability in performance; for example, the standard deviation value of the log-LR cost becomes lower than 0.01 (10 random samplings of authors for the reference and calibration databases) with 60 or more authors in each database.     

扎根泥土服务民众——浅谈井陉“拉花”的音乐特点

“拉花”是石家庄井陉地区的一种民间歌舞,已有几百年的历史。它的音乐刚柔相济,给人以淳朴坚毅之美感,极具独特风格。传统音乐是我们今天音乐发展的一个坚实的基础,值得我们今天特别去宣传和推广,并借非物质文化遗产保护的东风,让井陉“拉花”在建设和谐社会的进程中,充分发挥它娱乐和教育大众的社会功用。     

网络诈骗案件分析与防范对策

随着互联网时代的到来,我国已经步入高科技时代。网络银行、网络证券、网络交易已成为现实,但随之而来的网络诈骗案件也日益增多。网络诈骗案件存在着犯罪主体专业化、犯罪工具智能化、犯罪手段多样化等特点,致使广大群众受到损害后无法得到及时弥补。了解网络诈骗案件,分析其特点、种类,提出通过法制、技术等手段以防范网络诈骗案件的发生。     

清代北京竹枝词评析

清代中晚期的北京,流行着一种语言通俗、七言四句的诗体——竹枝词。这些通俗诗,描述了清代北京的风土民情,记述了清代北京的生活时尚,表现了清王廷由盛而衰的历史变迁。作为非物质文化遗产,成为那个特定时代的文化标记,为我们提供了解读帝都末期城市生活状貌的文本,具有独特的认知价值和审美价值。