Lingua franca fever: sceptical remarks

The policy push in favour of fostering a global lingua franca has shed overtly imperialistic underpinnings and been recast, but many of the same objections can be levelled at new attempts to justify an old policy. Efforts to explain the impetus towards linguistic uniformity through rational choice theory obscure the power dynamics behind choice of language in multilingual contexts. Invoking democratic engagement as a benefit of uniformity overestimates the role of linguistic diversity as a drag on participation and ignores more important forces. A focus on equality of opportunity and social mobility through lingua franca competence as justification for the policy reveals a shallow conception of equality and underplays the long-term consequences for non-lingua franca communities were equality of opportunity for individuals to be taken seriously. Finally, seeing the justice issues that arise out of competition between languages as one of ensuring adequate compensation to the losers underscores how thin is the conception of equality animating the approach; it purchases an inadequate level of equal opportunity for individuals at the expense of inequality amongst language communities.     

In Search of the Missing Link: Examining Contextual Variation in Federal Charge Bargains across U.S. District Courts

Abstract

Punishment scholars acknowledge the fundamental importance of both prosecutorial discretion and jurisdictional variation in punishment; yet, little is known about the extent to which charging practices vary across court contexts. This is especially true in the federal criminal justice system. This research investigates this issue by linking four years of charging data from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC) to corresponding data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC). It incorporates unique information on district court contexts from a variety of sources to investigate jurisdictional variation in charge reductions. Findings provide evidence that federal charging practices vary across district courts. In particular, several structural court characteristics are significantly related to the likelihood of charge reduction for similarly-situated defendants. Results from this study are interpreted through the lens of contemporary legal perspectives on court communities and suggest several fruitful directions for additional research on the social contexts of criminal prosecution.     

死缓变更死刑相关立法问题研究

目前理论及实务界对死缓制度的关注始终集中在死缓裁量的法律适用,对死缓执行变更关注较少,《刑法修正案(八)》对《刑法》第50条作出了必要的修改,但是并未改变死缓变更死刑立即执行条件过苛的现状,围绕死缓执行变更法律适用的司法困惑依旧存在。改变"故意犯罪"作为死缓变更死刑立即执行的条件,完善相关问题立法成为趋势使然。     

近十年内我国新型毒品滥用问题的总体变化趋势

近年来,我国毒品滥用的种类发生了很大变化。在海洛因大量滥用的同时,冰毒、摇头丸、氯胺酮（俗称K粉）等新型毒品从沿海地区迅速向全国蔓延,大有取代传统毒品海洛因成为吸毒者最主要消费品之势。为引起广泛关注,揭开隐蔽的面纱,文章就滥用新型毒品的人数、吸食群体的年龄结构、新型毒品的种类及吸食场所等方面论述了我国近10年（2001-2010年）来新型毒品变化的总体趋势,并针对这些问题提出了预防、控制、打击等相关对策建议。     

论法权形态异化的本质及其法律矫治

应然的法权关系中存在着"权利"与"权力"两种法权形态.权利反映的是平等民事主体之间对称、互惠的权利义务关系;权力来自于法律,是凝结在法律中的人民权利,人民是权力的唯一合法源泉.权力本应从属并服务于权利.法权形态的异化导致权力权利化、权利权力化,形成权力与权利功能的二律背反,不仅损害了社会公共利益,而且侵犯了公民的合法权益.防止权力及权力异化的途径是明确权力和权利的边界,加快民主法治的进程,建立法权关系的制约机制.     

简论言语识别在文检中的应用

近年来,文件检验技术有了很大的发展,把语言学作为刑事技术手段应用于侦查破案中,为文件检验开拓了新的领域。在办案实践中,充分注意作案人的言语特征,通过对作案人的言语识别,能够在一定程度上为侦查工作提供方向和范围,为认定作案人提供客观依据。本文试以运用语言学知识,然后结合本地区实际和所办的案件探讨了如何从作案者的年龄、职业、文化程度和性别和地域特征等方面,给作案人“画像”。     

“国粹”与“种姓”：章太炎与连雅堂“语文”思想之比较

在二十世纪初期文化民族主义的大背景下比较了章太炎与连雅堂的语文思想,指出了章太炎"以国粹激动种姓"的语文思想与连雅堂"发扬种姓"、"继绝存亡"的文学观的相同思想背景,并结合大陆与台湾语文运动的具体语境分析了章、连二人与大陆及台湾新语文运动的互动关系.     

库恩不可通约性论点的语言学转向

作为库恩解说科学革命的必要前提,不可通约性论点是其科学哲学理论的重要组成部分。但他的这一论点在《科学革命的结构》以后,却有了较大的变化,由《科学革命的结构》中的不可通约变成了后来的不可翻译。本通过对库恩在这一问题上的思想变化历程的考察,试图指明,这一变化实际上标志着库恩科学革命理论的语言学转向,既是其应对批评的内在需要,也是他为挽救科学哲学而作的一种努力。     

法律英语教学初探

法律英语是高校本科三年级、大专二年级开设的一门课程,教学目标是培养复合型法律人才.在教学中要明确教学目标,注重讲解法律语言词汇、句法特征等语言知识的同时,也要注重对英美法知识的介绍、导入英美法律文化的背景知识,提倡以学生学习为中心的教学模式,适时采用案例教学法,调动师生双向互动,提高教学质量.     

氧乐氰菊的毒理试验

目的研究氧乐氰菊的毒理作用.方法复制小白鼠、家兔氧乐氰菊中毒模型,测定小白鼠经口LD50、腹腔注射致死剂量和死亡时间,观察家兔中毒表现及病理改变.结果小白鼠经口LD50为36.64mg/kg.腹腔注射致死量为10mg/kg,腹腔注射后出现中毒时间为1min,出现死亡时间为4.5min,家兔中毒后出现系列的有机磷酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类农药中毒的病理改变.结论研究结果对指导氧乐氰菊中毒的法医病理检验及毒物分析具有实用意义.