新时期马克思主义哲学研究成就与未来发展讨论综述

新时期以来的 2 0多年是马克思主义哲学研究的最好时期 ,也是成就最大的时期 ,它不仅已经获得了重要发展 ,而且随着研究的进一步深入 ,必将产生出一个比较完整严密、崭新的科学思想体系     

陕甘宁边区高等法院的成就

陕甘宁边区高等法院立足于当时特定的环境和条件,以改造社会和变革社会为目标,通过综合性、创造性和恢复性的司法活动,最大限度发挥了司法的能动性和主动性,有效缩小了中国法律与中国社会的距离。法律和司法被重新定位,司法在纠纷解决、规则强化和制度补充等领域,发挥了积极的作用。司法与社会的互动,成为新民主主义司法的显著特征。     

伟大历程铸就辉煌成就新的工程推进伟大事业——对胡锦涛“七一”讲话的解读

站在宏观视角解读胡锦涛在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会上的讲话：就必须全面认识和理性把握我们这样一个伟大光荣正确的党90年来走过的伟大历程和完成的三件大事；就必须通过“高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜、坚持和拓展中国特色社会主义道路、坚持和丰富中国特色社会主义理论体系、坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度”去正确把握党创造的伟大成就；就必须从体系、结构、指针、重点等层面上有序把握党的建设新的伟大工程；就必须从经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设等方面整体把握党正在推进的中国特色社会主义伟大事业。     

更腐倡廉建设中的实现机制研究

建国以来我国反腐倡廉实现机制的重点经历了三次大的转变，即：从重教育到重权力制约；从重运动反腐到重制度反腐；从重惩处到重惩防结合、综合治理。但由于一些运行和配套机制的建设没有跟上，反腐倡廉建设的深入开展受到制约。因此，应进一步加强反腐倡廉实现机制的建设，主要包括创新机制、教育机制、执行中的问责机制及廉洁激励和举报人保障机制，以保证反腐倡廉制度的有效实现。     

韦勒克的文学本体观

韦勒克力图将文艺社会学、形式派美学、结构主义美学、符号论美学、现象学美学融合起来,把文学外在的社会生活、意识观念方面同作品自身内在方面结合为一个符号和意义多层结构的整体,以克服文学内容与形式二元的对立,但是他并没有把它们真正有机地融合起来,骨子里仍然是形式本体的观念支配着.     

文学人类学:中西交流中的兼容与发展

文学人类学,顾名思义就是文学和人类学两个不同学科的交叉与结合.20世纪后半期以来,文学人类学既是西方文学与人类学界一批前沿学者的积极主张,亦是一种逐渐向其他学科领域扩展、渗透的新理论和新方法,同时又是一种影响广泛的重要流派.近半个世纪以来,文学人类学则成为了中国文学和人类学研究领域的一个新的分支,并正对人文研究中的其他学科产生着日益深广的影响.     

Racial Identity and Academic Achievement in the Neighborhood Context: A Multilevel Analysis

Increasingly, researchers have found relationships between a strong, positive sense of racial identity and academic achievement among African American youth. Less attention, however, has been given to the roles and functions of racial identity among youth experiencing different social and economic contexts. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors examined the relationship of racial identity to academic outcomes, taking into account neighborhood-level factors. The sample consisted of 564 African American eighth-graders (56% male). The authors found that neighborhood characteristics and racial identity related positively to academic outcomes, but that some relationships were different across neighborhood types. For instance, in neighborhoods low in economic opportunity, high pride was associated with a higher GPA, but in more advantaged neighborhoods, high pride was associated with a lower GPA. The authors discuss the need to take youth’s contexts into account in order to understand how racial identity is active in the lives of African American youth.

A Longitudinal Daily Diary Study of Family Assistance and Academic Achievement Among Adolescents from Mexican,Chinese, and European Backgrounds

A longitudinal daily diary method was employed to examine the implications of family assistance for the academic achievement of 563 adolescents (53% female) from Mexican (n = 217), Chinese (n =  206), and European (n = 140) backgrounds during the high school years (mean age 14.9 years in 9th grade to 17.8 years in 12th grade). Although changes in family assistance time within individual adolescents were not associated with simultaneous changes in their Grade Point Averages (GPAs), increases in the proportion of days spent helping the family were linked to declines in the GPAs of students from Mexican and Chinese backgrounds. The negative implications of spending more days helping the family among these two groups was not explained by family background factors or changes in study time or school problems. These results suggest that the chronicity rather than the amount of family assistance may be difficult for adolescents from Mexican and Chinese backgrounds.

Mother-Adolescent Language Proficiency and Adolescent Academic and Emotional Adjustment Among Chinese American Families

This study examined the role of adolescents’ and mothers’ self-reports of English and heritage language proficiency in youth’s academic and emotional adjustment among 444 Chinese American families. Adolescents who were proficient in English tended to exhibit higher reading achievement scores, math achievement scores, and overall GPA. Mothers who were English proficient tended to have children with higher academic achievement and fewer depressive symptoms. Results also indicated that adolescents’ heritage language maintenance was associated with positive adjustment, particularly amongst foreign-born youth and for youth whose parents were highly proficient in the heritage language. Mother-adolescent match in heritage language proficiency was related to higher math achievement scores and overall GPA. Additionally, higher heritage language proficiency was associated with fewer depressive symptoms for foreign-born but not U.S.-born youth. Overall, the findings suggest that proficiency in both the English and heritage language may confer advantages to Chinese American youth.

Questioning western universality: Sōseki's Theory of Literature and his novel Kusamakura

Focusing on the relation between the literary theory and the novels of modern Japanese writer Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916), this article argues that we need to include more ‘non-Western’ theories in the discussions of world literature. Furthermore, it concludes that a world literature contextualization of Sōseki's theory helps explain how his novels critically negotiate the influences from Western literature in Japan. By comparing Sōseki's theoretical and literary writing, this article shows continuity between his Theory of Literature and his novel Kusamakura, arguing that both question Western universality in defining literature. In other words, the comparison stresses Sōseki's continued preoccupation with understanding the transformation of literatures due to global interaction. During the modern period, such transformation was probably nowhere more conspicuous than in Meiji Japan, where not only society but also its literature was rapidly changing.