Self-Esteem and Family Challenge: An Investigation of Their Effects on Achievement

This study uses longitudinal data on a sample of 10th graders to investigate the associations between self-esteem, family challenge, and 2 indicators of adolescent achievement: high school grades and extracurricular involvement. Research on self-esteem and on family challenge has linked both of these factors to achievement in adolescents, but studies have not simultaneously examined the effects of these factors on achievement. The present study finds that family challenge and self-esteem are correlated with one another, and examines the effects of each of these factors on achievement while controlling on the other factor. Controlling on self-esteem, family challenge was positively associated with grades in school, and was marginally associated with extracurricular participation. Controlling on family challenge, we did not find self-esteem to be predictive of grades or extracurricular involvement in longitudinal analyses, but we did find some evidence for a relationship in the opposite direction, with grades in 10th grade predicting self-esteem in 12th grade. Results also suggest differences in academic achievement and extracurricular participation by race/ethnicity. Implications of these findings for the role of family challenge and self-esteem in the positive development of adolescents are discussed.     

实用主义与胡适的文学观

长期以来,学界对于胡适文学理论的认识和评价存在某些误区。胡适的文学观,无论是其哲学思想基础,还是其方法论,都来源于他的实用主义哲学。胡适对文学内容并非没有足够的重视,但基于实用主义哲学效果至上的原则,他选择了语言形式作为文学革命的突破口。将胡适斥为形式主义、改良主义,实际上是把胡适文学理论的优长和特色当作缺点来认识。在某种意义上,胡适的文学理论与其说是建构一种文学体系,不如说是为文学革命提供一种切实可行的方案。实用主义使胡适文学理论的缺陷与它的优长显得同样醒目和突出。     

形式主义“创造/模仿观”对文学翻译实践的启示

形式主义的"创造/模仿观"重视文学作品中故事的构建方式,让读者关注叙事技巧、版面设计、文字游戏、特殊句式等形式特征,对文学翻译具有特殊的启示意义。它让文学译者摒弃传统"重意轻形"的翻译方法,关注原文的叙事技巧,努力传达原文的文字游戏、版面设计等形式特征,实现译文在形式与内容上与原文的对等。     

二十一世纪的叙事学:叙事研究的认知方法

进入二十一世纪之后,叙事学以前所未有的迅猛态势向前发展.本文在以历时路径回顾梳理文学理论和叙事学发展的基础上,重点审视了文学研究的认知方法之于叙事学研究的影响.认知科学的崛起为叙事学研究提供了重要的理论框架,直接促成了认知叙事学的崛起.认知叙事学的未来发展在于进一步整合多种认知方法,并以实证的方式对它们加以检验.尽管这种路径可能会加速叙事学、乃至文学研究的危机,但同时也可以见证一个新范式的产生.     

博士后科研成果转化机制研究——以中国石化胜利油田为例

博士后科研成果转化机制，关系到促进科研成果转化，实现科研成果价值，推动企业技术创新，创造新的经济效益。以中国石化胜利油田为例，通过对博士后科研成果现状、分类、转化情况的调研，分析影响博士后科研成果转化的因素，提出促进博士后科研成果转化的以下建议：开展博士后科研交流活动、博士后技术服务行，探索建立博士后产业园区。     

文学作品的四层次结构理论

文学作品的结构层次应该是由语言符号层、意象符号层、意义意蕴层和生命意识层构成的一个有机整体。其中 ,生命意识层是其最深层次。     

制约绩效考评制度效能发挥的因素

绩效考评制度是实现公安队伍科学化管理和提高公安工作效能的一项重要举措。但在具体运行中尚有主、客观方面的因素制约着绩效管理制度效能的发挥。应当对这些因素进行深刻剖析,找出深层次原因,并采取有效对策。     

公安文学的非职业化创作探讨

一些公安文学过分追求故事和情节的展现,忽略对人物情感的挖掘和表现,冲淡了文学的艺术性,这些和作品的创作主体有直接关系：职业创作人缺少生活和情感体验。在公安文学作品中非职业作者占有很大比例,这是与其他文学创作主体组成形式有所不同的。警察写警察的创作因作者真实情感的投入,使作品更具有了真实性和感染力,随着非职业化创作队伍的不断壮大和成熟,公安文学非职业化创作对文学的发展具有深远意义。     

30年代文学语言"口语化"运动与童话文体的发展

就1930年代思想潮流整体状况而言,是不利于童话文体的发展的,但当时的文学语言口语化运动却维持着童话的文体独立性,促进了童话文体的修辞建设,并影响着童话文体泛化的发展方向。对1930年代文学语言运动与童话文体的发展关系的揭示,有助于我们更好地理解文学语言变迁对于中国现代文学文体发生发展的决定性作用。     

ON THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF SELF‐REPORTED ILLEGAL EARNINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF CRIMINAL ACHIEVEMENT*

The study of the monetary returns to criminal activity is a central component in many emerging areas of criminology, including rational choice and offender decision‐making, desistance, and criminal achievement. Scholars have been increasingly captivated with specification of the earnings function and with examining how variations in illegal earnings predict important outcomes such as persistence in offending. The potential utility of findings in related empirical studies hinges on the quality of the key measure, self‐reported illegal earnings. Yet to date scant attention has been paid by researchers to the measurement properties of this metric. We analyze self‐reported illegal earnings generated from a variety of instrumental crimes by using data from the Pathways to Desistance Study (n = 585) and the National Supported Work Project (n = 1,509), which are two longitudinal data sets of active offenders separated by more than 30 years. Findings based on analyses both within and between data sets reveal support for the internal consistency reliability and criterion validity of self‐reported illegal earnings. Moreover, the results reveal premiums in terms of higher earnings associated with different crime types, which are persistent both over time and across data sets. Implications and future directions for advancing the theoretical study of criminal achievement are also discussed.