Gendered Pathways to Bullying Perpetration via Social Achievement Goals – Mediating Effects of Sense of Belonging and Non-inclusive Group Norms

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the gender-specific effects of social achievement goals – i.e., social development goals, social demonstration approach goals, and social demonstration avoid goals – on bullying perpetration in a sample of 788 adolescents (53.3% girls), taking into account the mediating role of sense of belonging and non-inclusive group norms. Two-group structural equation modeling results indicated that social demonstration approach goals positively predicted bullying perpetration for both genders. For girls, higher social development goals and for boys, higher social avoidance goals decreased bullying perpetration. Gender-specific effects of belonging and non-inclusive group norms on bullying perpetration occurred. For boys, non-inclusive group norms mediated the relation between all social achievement goals and bullying perpetration. Implications for future research and (gender-sensitive) bullying interventions are discussed.     

超越自我的群体幻象——意识形态与20世纪上半叶中国文学社团的研究

意识形态不仅是社会的有机组成部分,也是人类生命的有机组成部分.它更多作为一个在某种特定利益驱使下形成的包含着欲望、情感、表象的知识系统,有着理论和实践的功能.它包容着政治、经济、道德、伦理等观念思想,但又不是简单的等同.意识形态是一个动态的整合的文化概念.这一理论视野提供了重新审视和阐释现代中国文学社团的可能.现代中国文学社团的源流、生成及形态等,与现代中国社会政治文化等诸方面构成了关系复杂的网络.现代中国文学社团发展史既是一部现代意识形态史,又是现代知识分子不断追求超越自我的群体幻象.在一个互动的文化结构体系中,考察现代文学社团自身,反省现代文学社团研究,重要的是尊重文学社团的独立形态、结构特征,正确区分与文学流派、思潮的整合关系.     

论森鸥外的早期文学创作——对生命价值的探求与“告白”

森鸥外留学德国,潜心于卫生学、军医学、文学、哲学、美学、艺术的研究。回国后,积极开展社会启蒙与文明批判,在西方哲学中寻求审美与人生的价值,发表了浪漫的青春三部曲———《舞姬》、《水沫记》和《信使》,其作品表现出来的近代性和浪漫性开日本浪漫主义文学之先河,为日本近代文学的确立打下了坚固的基础,是研究日本近代文学不可忽视的重要内容。     

村民自治的绩效分析

村民自治作为我国农村基层群众性自治组织形式和有效管理方式,其效能是积极的,收效是显著的,不管就其产生的原本价值而论,还是二十多年的实践过程而言,都充分地证明了这一点。对它的这一特点进行梳理并作充分论证,是写作本文的主旨。     

我国当代现实主义对文学创作的兼容与吸收

我国当代现实主义文学审时度势,在自我发展创新的同时,合理而大胆地兼容和吸收了象征主义、黑色幽默、心理现实主义、魔幻现实主义等流派的创作方法和表现特点,极大地丰富和壮大了自己,获得了前所未有的发展.     

The Modern Meaning of Ancient Heroes：On the Emotion and Teaching in William Butler Yeats‘ On Baile’s Strand

Yeats’On Baile’s Strand is an important work in the Irish Literary Revival. On Baile’s Strand is a thought-provoking ethical tragedy, and also a play that reflects the ideology of cultural nationalism of Yeats. In this play there is staged development from natural emotion, free emotion to ethical emotion and moral emotion. Cuchulain is motivated by his natural emotion and free emotion in most cases. He fails to take the ethical responsibility as a husband, father and little king, which aroused the jealousy, revenge and incrimination from Aoife and Conchubar. After killing his own son who he has never seen, Cuchulain regains his ration. His ethical emotion and moral emotion makes it impossible for him to withstand his guilt, even though he fights bravely in hundreds of wars and has killed numerous people. Finally, he goes to madness, and throws himself into the sea to fight against the waves. With Cuchulain’s tragedy of filicide and madness in On Baile’s Strand, Yeats warns Irish people of improving their morality and education, so as to promote the Irish national independence and national liberation.     

被消费的"文革"历史与当代现实——消费文化语境下《兄弟》的生产与传播

余华的<兄弟>在2005、2006年的分期出版是当代文学的一次重要事件,它的生产与传播过程典型地显示了消费市场和商品文化主导与影响下的文学生产机制对文学的宰制作用.从文学叙事的角度看,消费文化及其文学生产机制影响了<兄弟>的审美品格和叙事特征,"文革"历史与改革时代的现实在小说中呈现出夸饰化、漫画化、荒诞化的倾向.这种文学症候标识出余华由先锋作家到畅销写手的某种隐形蜕变,同时,对于当代文学的发展来说,文学与市场、消费文化保持适度联姻时,要规避其对文学自主性和文学审美品质的潜在伤害,要对消费文化保持适当的警觉.     

《民法典》法定解除权的配置机理与统一基础

《民法典》中的法定解除权基于不同法定事由产生，但在法教义学上有统一的基础。一是它们均导致基于不同角度判断的“合同目的不能实现”；二是法定解除权使当事人摆脱合同义务，重获行动自由，且通常产生新的债权债务关系。《民法典》合同编通则中的法定解除权规范蕴含了效率、公平、诚实信用等不同理念，分则中的解除权规范多为通则规范的具体化，但也包含对当事人之间的人合性、法益权衡等的考量。法定解除权的终极正当性依据需要从当事人的合意中寻求，法定解除权与契约自由并非扞格不入，但前提是立法者对当事人美德的想象。与《合同法》相比，《民法典》强化了合同解除在终结合同僵局、建构当事人新法律关系方面的功能。但解释论还需澄清法定解除权的一般要件、不安抗辩权与预期违约中解除权的衔接、固定期限继续性合同履行中的僵局等问题。     

Li Shaogang,Champion of?Folk Operas

正IN early April,when most Chinese people were mourning the dead on Qingming(Tomb Sweeping)Festival,Li Shaogang went on the road with two postgraduate students from Nanjing University to research folk operas in Heyang County.Li chairs the local Heyang Hop Opera association.     

全球化语境中的文艺创新

经济全球化带来的文化交流,使民族文艺受到了严峻挑战,同时获得了创新发展的机遇.在开放性文化视野中,根植于有中国特色社会主义实践的文艺创新必须具有世界性、开放性、继承性,并保持鲜明的民族性.同时,应营造良好的创新环境,不断出新作、出精品来满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需要,向世界展示中国文艺建设的成果.只有创作主体具备爱国主义、求实、拼搏的精神和创新意识、超越意识,文艺的创新才能实现.