英汉语言性别歧视现象的社会历史文化透视

长期以来,英汉语言中存在着大量性别歧视现象,其后有着深厚的社会历史文化根源。要消除语言中性别歧视现象,不能由语言手段代劳,关键要根除社会上存在的性别歧视观念,进一步提高妇女的社会地位。语言的变革只能在社会变革的基础上才能实现。     

实用主义与胡适的文学观

长期以来,学界对于胡适文学理论的认识和评价存在某些误区。胡适的文学观,无论是其哲学思想基础,还是其方法论,都来源于他的实用主义哲学。胡适对文学内容并非没有足够的重视,但基于实用主义哲学效果至上的原则,他选择了语言形式作为文学革命的突破口。将胡适斥为形式主义、改良主义,实际上是把胡适文学理论的优长和特色当作缺点来认识。在某种意义上,胡适的文学理论与其说是建构一种文学体系,不如说是为文学革命提供一种切实可行的方案。实用主义使胡适文学理论的缺陷与它的优长显得同样醒目和突出。     

文学作品的四层次结构理论

文学作品的结构层次应该是由语言符号层、意象符号层、意义意蕴层和生命意识层构成的一个有机整体。其中 ,生命意识层是其最深层次。     

The Identification of Ingested Dandelion Juice in Gastric Contents of a Deceased Person by Direct Sequencing and GC–MS Methods*

Abstract: DNA and chemical analysis of gastric contents of a deceased person were handled in this work. The body of the victim was discovered in his car, submerged in a lake. We were asked to determine whether or not the gastric contents of the victim harbored drugs and dandelion material. It was suspected that the victim had been murdered by poisoning with an excess amount of sleeping medication (doxylamine), which had been homogenized with dandelion. The concentrations of 11.4 and 27.5 mg/kg of doxylamine detected from spleen and liver of the victim were far higher than the assumed therapeutic concentration. Via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and direct sequencing analysis of plant genetic markers such as intergenic transcribed spacer, 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), rbcL and trnLF, it was confirmed that the gastric contents of the victim contained taraxasterol, which is one of the marker compounds for dandelion and contained dandelion species‐specific rbcL and trnL‐trnF IGS (trnLF) sequences. The initial PCR of the genomic DNA isolated from the gastric contents showed insufficient quantity, and the second PCR, of which the template was a portion of the initial PCR products, exhibited a sufficient quantity for direct sequencing. rbcL and trnLF located in the cpDNA resulted in the successful determination of dandelion DNA in a decedent’s stomach contents. GC–MS identifies the actual presence of a taraxasterol at 28.4 min. Raw dandelion was assumed to be used as a masking vehicle for excess sleeping drug (doxylamine).     

30年代文学语言"口语化"运动与童话文体的发展

就1930年代思想潮流整体状况而言,是不利于童话文体的发展的,但当时的文学语言口语化运动却维持着童话的文体独立性,促进了童话文体的修辞建设,并影响着童话文体泛化的发展方向。对1930年代文学语言运动与童话文体的发展关系的揭示,有助于我们更好地理解文学语言变迁对于中国现代文学文体发生发展的决定性作用。     

未来民法典内容和结构模式之我见

未来民法典的内容和结构模式在根本上取决于民法的调整对象。民法的调整对象不仅包括平等主体之间的基本私关系,而且也包括不平等主体之间的基本私关系。确定民法典的内容时,应当从民法的基本私法属性出发,并遵循逻辑周延的要求,对民法调整对象进行划分归类,从而做到“基而全”。在民法典的结构模式问题上,“现实模式”优于“理想模式”,但相关问题有待澄清;人格权法应当位于分则各编之首,社员权法应当单独成编并位于亲属法之前。     

STR and SNP analysis of human DNA from Lucilia sericata larvae's gut contents

Importance of forensic entomology becomes inevitable when come across some incident where corpse is unidentifiable and lot of maggots or other insects are present. The most common application of forensic entomology is to use insects for the identification of specimens or human remains. DNA analysis recovered from a larva's gut contents can be used to identify a missing body. The obtained human STR and SNP profile support the association of a maggot to a specific patients or corpse. Main aim of this research was the identification of human DNA from gut contents of third instar maggots (larvae of Lucilia sericata) placed on diabetic patient's wounds for treatment purpose. Maggots (8–15) were taken from each diabetic patients (no. of the patients 8) and DNA was extracted from the gut contents manually by using Qiagen tissue protocol. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed and the total size of DNA was seen using UV transilluminator. PCR amplification, STRs and SNPs profiling was then performed using PCR 9700 and AmpFLSTR Identifiler and SnaPshot Multiplex Kit (Applied Biosystems) respectively. The results were analyzed on ABI 310. SNP profiles were good and identifiable compared to the STRs where amplification was poor and the peaks were low. This may be the fact of the enzymatic activity present in the gut of the larvae which cause tremendous reduction in DNA size and thus yield. The results of this study reveals that it is possible to obtain a complete human profile using STRs and SNPs even if DNA is recovered from gut contents of maggots.     

华侨华人历史地理研究刍议

建设和发展华侨华人历史地理研究有利于促进华侨华人学科的完善,拓展历史地理学的研究领域,对推动当今华侨华人问题的解决也有重要现实意义。华侨华人历史地理研究是一门交叉学科,其学科属性是探索历史时期与华侨华人相关的地理现象的演变及两者间的相互影响,并进而探索演变和影响的规律的学科;华侨华人历史地理的研究对象是历史时期与华侨华人相关的地理现象的演变;研究内容主要包括华侨华人历史地理理论和方法研究,侨乡历史地理,移民历史地理,海外华侨华人历史人文地理、社会地理,华侨华人历史自然地理等;研究方法主要是历史文献法、实地考察法、新技术手段及其他相关学科的方法。     

台湾后现代女性诗歌综论

后现代主义作为一种当代世界性文化美学思潮出现在80年代的台湾涛坛,有其特定的理论基础与社会背景。在涛思方面,台湾后现代女性涛歌的本质特征是"消中心"和"反理性";在涛艺方面,台湾后现代女性诗歌主要采取了边界消失与即兴演出、后设语言与意符游戏、博议拼帖与谐拟手法、形式实验与"零度写作"等多种艺术策略。台湾后现代女性涛歌独特的涛学品格更在于其将后现代主义与女性主义有机融合,对男性权力、秩序和统治进行瓦解性与破坏性书写,重视日常化生活形态的表达。因此,在台湾当代涛歌史上,后现代女性诗歌具有重要的价值和意义。     

现代文学场域下的女性写作--论女作家陈学昭的创作风格及其文坛地位的形成

本文通过现代女作家陈学昭创作风格的形成,探讨女性写作在现代文学史上成长的可能性空间,事实证明,女性写作是在一种被男性文学叙事规约和询唤的美学潮流的引领下进行的,适应并不断复制主流话语,是在文学场域得以生存的条件,除此之外,似乎别无他路。陈学昭的创作只有适应主流叙事的那种被界定为清丽温婉的美学情调得到了认可,而作品里独特的、鲜活的、可以触摸的生命意志被遮蔽掉了。对于一个并不自主的制度化场域来说,文学与新民主主义革命的独特关系,使得陈学昭一类的作家缺少必要的写作空间。