The Sovietization of Lithuania after WWII: modernization,transculturation, and the lettered city

ABSTRACT

This article approaches the Sovietization of the Baltics in the light of two critical notions developed by the noted Latin American critic Angel Rama: “narrative transculturation” and “the lettered city.” By revisiting key moments in the development of Soviet Lithuanian culture and intellectual class against a backdrop of forced collectivization, urbanization, and modernization, the article aims at a novel interpretation of what Sovietization meant in the Lithuanian context, the significance of de-Stalinization and cultural modernism during the Thaw in the 1960s, and the cultural preconditions for the emergence of the popular movement against Soviet rule in the late 1980s.     

美国当代生态批评述评

美国当代生态批评首次在文学研究领域内引入生态视角,将生态思考融入文学研究的理论探索与批评实践,在跨学科的生态与文学视野中重新思考人类的自然观,积极构建蕴含生态智慧的人与自然之间的和谐关系,推动关注生态和谐的新人文主义思想,以提升人类的生态责任意识为己任,形成了以生态整体观为核心的思想内涵。同时,美国生态批评作为新兴的文学批评流派,其理论研究还处于发展阶段,有些理论尝试还有待于改进,需要在不断自我完善的过程中形成符合时代精神与生态文明前景的生态批评思想。     

当代文论精神症候与文化空间拓展

在东西方文化冲突日益严重的今天,全球化语境中的中国文化精神和身份立场问题,成为汉语文学的重要问题,其基本症候表征为“六多六少”:线性时间观多而境界空间观少、西方话语踪迹多而中国身份少、解构话语多而建构精神少、大众消费话语多而注重文化精品少、热衷于非文学多而关注汉语文化圈的文学少、肉身意义关注多而知识个体的立场关注少。我们应该在中西文论对话基础上,坚持发现东方与文化输出,坚持人类只有在体用之争方面,走向人类之体、世界之用。     

片面共犯能否纳入共同犯罪之我见——从犯罪构成的角度说

片面共犯能否在我国刑法制度中得到肯定一直是一个争论不休的话题。根据刑法第25条有关共同犯罪的规定必然是否定片面共犯。然应从“共犯”中“共同”的本质入手,突破原有法条所形成的思维禁锢,从犯罪构成要件的四个方面进行分析,将片面共犯作为一种特殊形式纳入共同犯罪。     

20世纪50年代的台湾文学场域与媒介

20世纪50年代的台湾文学前承光复后台湾文学的转折,后启60年代文学的兴盛。此时期文学杂志的“民营”状况,副刊非一统的存在状态,都悄然改变了权力场和文学生产场之间的单一支配关系,使控制文学场域的合法逻辑出现了裂隙,并使得作者、编者、读者的性情最大程度地影响文学生产。此种历史境遇中的文学传播,使政治高压下的20世纪50年代仍能涌动起多种文学思潮,也使台湾文学的乡土性、本土性得以延续、流布。20世纪50年代的台湾文学不应在意识形态层面上被看做文学的断裂。     

The Subject May have Disappeared but its Sufferings Remain

Today there is no sophisticated theory, which continues to rely on subjectivist premises. It is important, however, that anti-humanism theory's disinterestedness in the (imaginary) subject of voluntarism does not lead to an indifference towards being's constitutive non-essence and passivity in the manner of the worst kind of humanism. Emmanuel Levinas' places ‘absurd’ suffering in the place of essence as the knot of subjectivity; his view of the quiddity of suffering as mode of being passively rather than as psychological content and of the modality of disinterested compassion are used in order to formulate the question `who comes after the subject' in ways which allow us to continue thinking of what it means to be affected in an individuated manner without returning us to the subject of self-presence and autonomy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小说《红岩》生成过程中的文学史内涵解析

小说《红岩》的创作,典型地体现了建国后五六十年代文学创作中“集体化写作”特征,同时也真切地折射出有关革命历史的叙述在这一历史时期的“本质化”达成。追溯《红岩》的生成过程,比较《红岩》写作过程中所形成的三个文本之间的叙事差异,一定程度上也是对中国当代文学在某一历史时期文学创作机制与意识形态生产方式的一种考察。     

“现实的人”与“惟一者”：马克思与施蒂纳的主体论之别

马克思与施蒂纳的争论关涉到如何理解形而上学、本质主义在马克思哲学中的地位问题。马克思受施蒂纳影响而提出的“现实的人”,与施蒂纳主张的“惟一者”虽然都具有主体自持性的特点,但在是否追求本质（精神）世界,是否承担对虚无的充实,是否追求永恒、普遍、整体,“现实”或“感性”中是否还拥有超出离散性原子事实的整体性维度及与此相关的超验性维度,对人、现实、历史的理解还是否需要保持辩证法的框架等方面,存在根本性的差异：马克思的回答是肯定的,施蒂纳是否定的。马克思的“现实的人”仍然具有以“现实”、“感性”为根基的“本质性”、“普遍性”、“神圣性”和某种意义上的“抽象性”。所谓马克思反现代性、反本质主义和反传统形而上学,也只能在这样有限的限度内理解,否则就等于把马克思施蒂纳化了。     

Transnational Reception: Nordic Women Writers in Fin de Siècle Finland

Abstract

This article investigates the transnational and translingual reception of Nordic women’s writing (among authors writing in Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish) in a multilingual country, Finland, around the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth century. This contribution is a component of our work for the international Joint Research Project, Travelling TexTs. We concentrate on the presence of Nordic women’s writing in various languages in fin de siècle Finland by investigating a library collection from that time. We look at the complexities in the reception of Nordic women’s writing in translation in Finland, making use of the concept of the Nordic dimension of translation history, and introducing the notion of intranational reception. We emphasize the role of women translators as cultural transmitters, and the intertwining of national and transnational (or, even, in today’s terms, feminist) agendas. We also investigate the reception of Nordic women’s texts in the press of that time, by examining both literature written for adults and literature for girls. Working with large-scale digitized sources has enabled us to examine the question of reception broadly.     

How Should Governments Make Risky Policy Decisions?

Public policy-making does not follow the long-established and well-recognised principles of rational decision analysis under risk. Public views of risk are often inconsistent and seemingly irrational, and a gulf exists between risk perceptions and attitudes of the public and those of 'experts'. On the other hand, experts often claim unjustifiably high levels of confidence in their predictions of policy choice outcomes, creating a lack of public faith in their recommendations. While risky policy choices deserve more systematic decision analysis, many challenges remain to effective implementation of such analyses. Among the suggestions for improvement that we offer is the need for more effective interaction between policy-makers, decision analysts and the public.