构建女性中心的文学批评话语——伊莱恩·肖瓦尔特的“女性批评学”研究

伊莱恩·肖瓦尔特(Elaine Showalter)于20世纪70年代提出的女性批评学是英美女性文学批评的核心理念,对于确立女性中心的文学批评话语、构建英美女性文学史和塑造女性主体身份具有重要的指导意义。本文主要考察女性批评学的理论内涵和述评国内外对该理论的批评研究,试图在当代语境下对女性批评学作出较为全面客观的评价。     

试析文学作品类思想政治教育资源的合理利用

思想政治教育资源的利用与开发是提高思想政治实效性的重要保证。通过阐释思想政治教育资源的含义及其开发利用的重要性,分析了在思想政治教育过程中,文学作品类教育资源利用的几个常见误区,提出通过还原本色、多角度透视解读和挖掘文本中的积极蕴意等方法合理利用文学作品类思想政治教育资源,充分发挥其教育功能,提高利用效率。     

刑法解释的诠释学论说——刑法解释的构成解读

在诠释学的语境之下,刑法解释是一个诠释性的概念,是指正义理念、刑法规范与生活事实的相互对应。刑法解释是客观性和主观性的统一体,两者不可缺一。刑法解释的必要性,实际上是刑事法治和司法实践的要求,而刑法解释的可能性,则是司法运作和实现法治的基础。     

论以普遍意志为根本的权利观

权利观是任何法律思维都无法摆脱的根本构思。权利观的核心是权利的本质。围绕“意思”范畴展开的权利意志论,与以利益作为权利的本质的学说,更能突出权利所应具有的主体性、普遍性及防御性。权利的主体性体现在主体对客体的排他性支配以及主体之间的平等;权利的普遍性则说明权利应当来自普遍意志并以形式理性表现;而权利的防御性则反映出从权利意志论的角度最有助于防范公权力对于权利的干预。以普遍意志为根本的权利观就不仅于民法学具有意义,更于中国法制的进步具有深远意义。     

Kalevipoeg: Aspects of Genre and Authorship

F. R. Kreutzwald introduced the Estonian national epic Kalevipoeg (1861) as genuine folklore, overshadowing his own prevalent role in its creation: the problems of genre and authorship persist in the text. Firstly, Kalevipoeg was shaped by the poetics of romantic balladry. This can be proved by its author’s devotion to the ballad; in addition, many a lyro-epic folk song has been integrated into Kalevipoeg. Thus, a ballad-like lyro-dramatical-epical structure bears upon the work which gave rise to a new form: the lyro-epic epic. Secondly, a complex cluster of authorship can be extracted from Kalevipoeg: personal, fictional, intertextual, and discursive authorships.     

毛泽东文艺思想的当代总结——纪念《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表70周年

毛泽东文艺思想诞生于新民主主义革命过程中。其形成过程较长,成熟的标志是1942年5月《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的发表。《讲话》这部经典著作,在当时和发表后相当长时期内,成为中国共产党制定文艺政策的理论依据,在当今时代仍然对文学艺术的生产具有重要指导意义。建国后毛泽东在文艺政策上的失误,并不证明毛泽东文艺思想已经过时,它的许多基本论点仍然是正确的,但在新的时代要进行认真总结,对之加以改进和完善,以建构起新时代的文艺理论。     

Technics over life: risk,ethics and the existential condition in high-tech antenatal care

The subject of this paper is the problem of selective abortion brought about by advanced techniques of foetal diagnosis. The issue of abortion today is analysed as an outcome and illustration of the emerging ‘vital politics’. The paper explores the technicality of this new form of bio-power, and the ethical practice and forms of subjectivity it imposes. Two main points are raised. First, it is argued that the implementation of state-of-the-art foetal diagnosis in clinical practice and maternity care is underlain by the rationales of control and experimentation. The ideas of risk and the dividual are introduced as the epistemic cornerstones of this practice of high-tech reproductive medicine according to the above rationales. Second, the paper argues that foetal diagnosis in antenatal care is characterised by an ethical split. This emerges when the machinery of reproductive health care withdraws into a position of technical responsibility and leaves the choice, and the ethical responsibility, concerning medical operations (selective abortion, in particular) to the pregnant woman. This suggests that high-tech biomedicine tends to individualise risks and to impose a form of ethical individuality characterised by the demand for reflexivity through personal risk assessment, producing the anxiety generated by existential responsibility.     

论目的解释的主观性和客观性

目的解释是用探求目的的方法厘清冲突法律的关系,或者填补法律的漏洞。针对目的解释,存在激烈的争论,有的学者认为其主观性太大,容易导致法官过度能动,损害法律的权威;而有的学者则从目的解释的积极意义出发,全力维护目的解释。尽管各家有这样那样的分歧,但总的原则都是在维护法律解释的客观性,不允许解释者独断专行,将自己的意志作为法律,进行裁判。但是,作为法律解释方法之一的目的解释,尽管其探求的目的标榜是客观的,而不是法官个人的恣意,我们也不能、也不应该将目的解释的探究对象仅仅指向客观的目的。实际上,目的解释的主客观性就表现在其探究的对象(目的)的性质,而这个对象(目的)既具有主观性,又具有客观性。     

Culture Governance: Theoretical Innovation and Practice Logic of Community Culture Construction——Based on the Analysis of C Community Experience

Recently, the academia popularly advocates the multi－component model of community culture construction. However, in this mode, the dominant role of residents is not prioritized. There still exist a series of problems such as low rate of residential participation. This paper provides well－reasoned solutions to these problems according to the practical experience of the community culture construction in Community C. Besides, this thesis proposes that the dominant role of residents should be brought into play in the community culture construction and help residents to achieve “culture governance”.