公益诉讼：社会保障权救济的新路径

社会保障权是社会成员从国家和社会获得基本物质条件或相关服务、保障其基本生活水准和维护人之尊严的权利。社会保障权以社会本位为价值目标，社会保障权具有公益属性。传统三大诉讼救济社会保障权存在障碍，公益诉讼作为维护社会公共利益之诉，在诉讼目标、功能、原告资格与民主法治精神方面与社会保障权救济具有契合性。社会保障权公益诉讼需扩大原告资格与受案范围，赋予当事人诉权，合理分担举证责任与诉讼费用，构建激约机制，运用多元化的法律责任，充分发挥法官的司法能动作用。     

Reflection on the Abolishment the Vest——A Positive Study Based on 974 Reported Cases

Database is built according to the collection of the data from criminal cases which were reported on Legal Daily from 1996 to 2014. The analyses of those 974 samples show that from 1996 the number of the vests appears in the courts increases and that the identity, the crime committed as well as the education background of the defendant influence whether he wears a vest in the court. It can be seen that the judicial system does not follow the requirements of procedural justice, does not treat the suspects with dignity and does not treat the suspects equally. The vest in the court will be terminated after the new measure which is called Supreme People’s Court 4th 5 Year Court Reform Plan. However, it takes time to drive out the bias behind the vest.     

The petition in the Court of Session in early modern Scotland

ABSTRACT

Petitions to Scotland’s central civil court, the Court of Session, contained common features of style despite being presented for a wide range of purposes. As well as being employed in the course of procedure in a number of litigated cases, the petition was used to obtain entry to an office, or in seeking an equitable remedy which might relieve imminent suffering. In many cases they offer detailed narratives about everyday life, commerce, politics and religion which preserve a great deal that may be of value to the legal and social historian. Some petitioners, such as the poor and vulnerable, enjoyed a privileged status entitling them to have their claims heard summarily. A number of petitions, written by lawyers in order to persuade, contain ideas about liberty, justice and reason reflecting the fact that they were addressed to a court of both law and equity. This contribution identifies the features of such petitions, attempts to classify them, and considers their wider historical significance.     

试析刑事司法腐败的当事人因素——以诉讼文化、诉讼心理为视角

引发司法腐败的因素是多方面而且是复杂的,而当事人因素往往是容易被人忽视的一个因素.文章从诉讼文化和诉讼心理两个方面探寻了当事人与司法腐败存在的关联因素及其作用机制,并对此类因素的解决途径进行了探讨.     

农村法律服务问题实证研究(一)

在广大农村地区,法律工作者通过诉讼代理等方式为农民提供的法律服务,有可能成为“国家”与“社会”之间的一种连接机制。基于对中西部地区进行田野调查所取得的资料,初步建立了一个相关的理论模型并对其构成命题做了具体描述。     

诉讼费下调的经济分析

诉讼费下调本着“司法为民”的理念出发,意图通过此举缓解“打官司难”的问题,其出发点是好的,路径选择未必正确。其忽视了诉讼费仅是当事人诉讼成本的一部分,单纯减少诉讼费表面上促使了当事人参与诉讼,但同时增加了当事人的讼累,造成案件的急剧增加,致使已处困境的法院更加难以解脱。长久来看,诉讼费下调未必对民众有利,也未必对国家有利。     

宪法诉讼-宪法权利保障的必由之路

宪法权利又称为基本权利,对于公民的生存和发展有着不可或缺的重要意义。当宪法权利受到侵犯时,人们往往通过行政诉讼来保护自己的权利。但由于行政诉讼本身的缺陷,宪法权利并不能得到有效的救济。现阶段修改行政诉讼法是完善宪法权利保障的重要途径。建立宪法诉讼则是宪法权利得到保障的必由之路,也是最根本的途径。     

对诉讼功能的再思考

诉讼作为现代社会最重要、最正式的纠纷解决方式,起着非常重要的积极的作用。但同时,诉讼本身又存在着一些弊端,如调控领域的局限性、诉讼的本质属性和诉讼认识的有限性、诉讼的成本和效益等方面,都说明了诉讼这种解决机制并不是万能的。所以,寻求和建构一种多元化的纠纷解决机制对我们来说是很有必要的。     

方式与效果:死刑执行中检察权的重构

现行死刑执行程序存在诸多不足,检察监督没有发挥出应有效用,问题根源在于人民法院承担死刑执行职能的制度性缺陷.需要改变我国刑事裁判执行体制,重构死刑执行中检察权的行使方式与效用,基本思路是构建检察官指挥死刑执行的监督模式.     

我国行政诉讼检察监督的现状及其完善

行政诉讼检察监督，是行政诉讼法律制度中的重要内容。通过完善立法，赋予应有权力，补足程序规则，改革配套制度，以实现行政诉讼检察监督的价值。