从人口普查看20世纪上半叶马来亚华人妇女经济参与的变化

20世纪以来,随着马来亚经济发展,华人妇女经济参与日益扩大,尤其在30、40年代,马来亚华人妇女劳动力进入所有行业,她们的职业领域也在拓展。这一时期影响华人妇女劳动力行业分布和职业分布的主要因素是1929——1933年经济危机所引起的移民政策变化和华人产业结构调整,以及女子教育的发展和社会性别模式。     

行政行为的可诉性标准探析

本文从内部行政行为的可诉性入手,针对行政行为的可诉性标准探讨了行政诉讼受案范围扩大的必然趋势。从司法最终救济和穷尽行政救济原则出发,探讨了合理界定行政权和司法权在行政诉讼中的地位和作用。     

利益保障目的论之功能

民事诉讼的目的应是利益（含诉讼中的实体利益和程序利益）的提出、寻求、确认和实现,即利益保障。这可称为利益保障目的论。它的功能主要有：准确锁定目的论研究重心,人民主权思想的现实化,利益观念得以弘扬等     

对做好新世纪新阶段政协工作的粗浅思考

党中央颁发的<中共中央关于加强人民政协工作的意见>(以下简称<意见>),高度概括了中国共产党三代中央领导集体关于人民政协事业的重要论述和以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央对人民政协工作的新思考、新要求.本文就<意见>精神中所涉及的新世纪新阶段人民政协的民主监督工作,深入开展参政议政以及构建社会主义和谐社会等内容进行了粗浅的思考.     

Victim Policy Transfer: Learning From Each Other

This paper looks at the recent introduction of victim impact statements in several European countries. It asks whether victim impact statements are a positive addition to victim policy and practice in Europe and examines the challenges of adapting to the civil legal tradition a tool that was developed in a common law country.     

Financial Institutions between Effectiveness and Legitimacy – A Legal Analysis of the World Bank,Global Environment Facility and Prototype Carbon Fund

Environmental financing is one of the crucial issues of international environmental law and its implementation. From an environmental perspective a prerequisite for success is that financial resources are used in an environmentally effective way. Whether the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) can be perceived as effective environmental actors has to be measured by their objectives, their potential to promote accepted environmental standards and their relevant funding practices. After significant improvements of their environmental policies, the World Bank must be considered the most important institution for environmental financing due to its involvement in environmental trust funds but also in regard to its regular lending practices. The GEF remains exceptional due to its institutional structure and scope, whereas the PCF is an example of public–private partnerships that might be a model for future financing via trust funds. Since acceptance of institutions can only be created if they are considered to be legitimate, legitimacy is closely tied to effectiveness. The main criteria for legitimacy are state consent and the equality of states as well as supplementary considerations such as transparency and public participation. From this perspective the World Bank, GEF and PCF structures of voting and participation have come a long way, and despite their particularities and deficiencies they reflect to a varying degree elements of legitimate decision making.     

Political Disagreement in Context: The Conditional Effect of Neighborhood Context, Disagreement and Political Talk on Electoral Participation

Despite scholarly interest in determining how exposure to disagreeable political ideas influences political participation, existing research supports few firm conclusions. This paper argues that these varied findings stem from an implicit model of contextual influence that fails to account for the indirect effect of aggregate social contexts. A model of contextual influence is outlined which implies that the neighborhood partisan context moderates the effect of political disagreement in social networks on campaign participation. The evidence shows that network disagreement demobilizes people who are the political minority in their neighborhood, but has no influence on people in the majority. When viewed together, these findings indicate that a person’s relationship to the broader political environment sets distinctive network processes in motion.

The Rise and Fall of Political Engagement among Latinos: The Role of Identity and Perceptions of Discrimination

This study analyzes how perceptions of discrimination against oneself and/or one’s group and whether one self-identifies in national (American), national origin, or panethnic terms affect levels of political engagement among Latinos in the United States. The findings show that perceptions of discrimination against oneself are particularly damaging in that they promote both behavioral and attitudinal alienation (e.g., non-voting and lack of trust), especially among Latinos who identify primarily as American. Behavioral alienation can be mitigated, and even overcome, when perceptions of discrimination are accompanied by a panethnic or national origin self-identification. However, the attitudinal alienation created by perceptions of discrimination is not mitigated by any type of self-identification. These findings shed light on understudied factors that affect political engagement that are going to become more important to understand as the American population continues its ethnic diversification. In addition to expanding our knowledge of political engagement generally, this study also raises important questions about whether the adoption of an American self-identification is in fact beneficial for the health of our participatory political system as a whole.     

论想象竞合犯的诉讼进路选择

实体法上的想象竞合犯表现出较为特殊的结构矛盾,亦即一行为与数犯罪之间的内在矛盾。在付诸刑事司法实践时就存在着两种不同的进路:从处断结论为一犯罪出发的诉讼进路实际上预先地限定了单一诉讼客体的范围,事先对犯罪事实进行了取舍;从结构解析出发的诉讼进路则将想象竞合犯所涉及的数罪均作为独立的诉讼客体分别予以确认,很好地实现了犯罪构成的整理功能,虽然也需要对想象竞合关系与"一行为"进行揭示,但整体上符合人权保障的基本要求,是目前较为理想的进路选择。     

The Impact of Municipality Mergers on Political Participation

The citizen assembly of the Swiss canton Glarus in 2006 decided to radically reduce the historical number of communes from 25 to three. Studies show that the financial and economic consequences are surprisingly small. This paper analyzes the effects on citizens' vote participation as an indicator of their political involvement. Using the difference-in-difference and the synthetic control methods, we empirically show that vote participation dropped significantly, also compared to neighboring cantons and the rest of Switzerland.