西部外商投资软环境中存在的问题及对策

投资环境是影响和制约外商投资活动的重要因素。我国西部投资软环境中存在思想观念守旧、劳动力素质普遍较低、市场经济体制滞后、政策环境较差、政府机构办事效率低下、法律和监管不健全等问题,影响了外资的大量流入。改善西部投资软环境应从以下几方面着手:转变观念,提高对外资的认识;加速人才培育,开发人力资源;加快西部地区市场化体制改革的步伐;完善外资的政策环境;提高西部地区政府机构的办事效率;优化法制环境。     

浅谈肢体残疾患者的康复护理

本文从心理护理、肢体残疾障碍护理、肢体残疾功能恢复护理等几个方面说明对肢体残疾患者的护理要求与具体做法,以帮助患者早日康复。     

Functional anonymisation: Personal data and the data environment

Anonymisation of personal data has a long history stemming from the expansion of the types of data products routinely provided by National Statistical Institutes. Variants on anonymisation have received serious criticism reinforced by much-publicised apparent failures. We argue that both the operators of such schemes and their critics have become confused by being overly focused on the properties of the data itself. We claim that, far from being able to determine whether data is anonymous (and therefore non-personal) by looking at the data alone, any anonymisation technique worthy of the name must take account of not only the data but also its environment.This paper proposes an alternative formulation called functional anonymisation that focuses on the relationship between the data and the environment within which the data exists (the data environment). We provide a formulation for describing the relationship between the data and its environment that links the legal notion of personal data with the statistical notion of disclosure control. Anonymisation, properly conceived and effectively conducted, can be a critical part of the toolkit of the privacy-respecting data controller and the wider remit of providing accurate and usable data.     

Challenging Heteronormativity: Creating a Safe and Inclusive Environment for LGBTQ Students

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) youth face hostile and exclusionary learning environments. A qualitative phenomenographic method involving semistructured interviews of seven secondary school administrators was conducted to identify perceptions of experiences creating a safe and inclusive environment for students who identified as LGBTQ. The findings of the study were examined from a conceptual foundation that a heteronormative culture dominates the U.S. school system that perpetuates the marginalizing of nongender conforming students. The three emergent perceptions identified included: (a) providing safe spaces while working to create an inclusive environment; (b) promoting student awareness and acceptance of diversity; and (c) challenging heteronormativity within the context of formal policies and procedures.     

Soft Tissue Decomposition of Submerged,Dismembered Pig Limbs Enclosed in Plastic Bags*

Abstract: This study examines underwater soft tissue decomposition of dismembered pig limbs deposited in polyethylene plastic bags. The research evaluates the level of influence that disposal method has on underwater decomposition processes and details observations specific to this scenario. To our knowledge, no other study has yet investigated decomposing, dismembered, and enclosed remains in water environments. The total sample size consisted of 120 dismembered pig limbs, divided into a subsample of 30 pig limbs per recovery period (34 and 71 days) for each treatment. The two treatments simulated non‐enclosed and plastic enclosed disposal methods in a water context. The remains were completely submerged in Lake Ontario for 34 and 71 days. In both recovery periods, the non‐enclosed samples lost soft tissue to a significantly greater extent than their plastic enclosed counterparts. Disposal of remains in plastic bags therefore results in preservation, most likely caused by bacterial inhibition and reduced oxygen levels.     

科学发展观视域下的可持续发展

科学发展观基本要求是全面协调可持续,这是从全局高度把握中国特色社会主义理论的重要体现。深入贯彻落实科学发展观,必须正确认识和处理自然资源、环境与发展的关系。     

完善中日环境合作机制的路径选择

中国和日本的环境合作项目中,双边合作效果显著。而两国参加的多边层面的环境合作虽然形式众多,但由于大多采取对话方式从而难以落实到具体的行动当中,所以合作的实质进展十分缓慢,尤其在遇到解决跨界环境危机事件的过程中,缺乏有效整合及联合应急的能力,造成效率低下。中日两国应该尝试建立常设性的联合工作小组,以及临时性的联合应急行动小组;中国和日本作为东北亚的核心国家,在东北亚区域环境合作中要发挥更大的作用;在完善中国和日本环境合作机制的前提下,两国分别具体执行自己应承担的环保角色;加强中国和日本在节能、环保等方面的合作,减轻两国能源危机压力,这四个方面是合理的对策选择。     

Public Opinion, Risk Assessment, and Biotechnology: Lessons from Attitudes toward Genetically Modified Foods in the European Union

Proponents of biotechnology argue that citizens' opposition to innovations such as genetically modified (GM) foods is rooted in emotionalism, media and nongovernmental organizations' distortions of good science, and scientific ignorance. Critics charge that this "risk management discursive" is too reductionist, exaggerates scientific capacity, inappropriately privileges scientific values over social and political values, and inaccurately captures how citizens evaluate biotechnology. This article uses ordered logit analysis applied to the responses of Europeans to a 2005 Eurobarometer survey to test the validity of these competing perspectives in the area of GM foods. Our analysis supports the arguments of those calling for the inclusion of broader discursive social, political, and cultural elements in deliberations over GM foods. Analysis also shows that citizens are less emotional in evaluating GM foods than proponents claim and supports this "new politics of knowledge" perspective, but citizens also cling more tightly to hopes that science can resolve debates with objective analysis.     

Misappropriation of Institutions: Some Lessons from the Environmental Dimension of the NAFTA Investor-State Dispute Settlement Process

Trade regimes at all levels have confronted the dual challenge of rapidly expanding foreign direct investment, and the vigorous growth of international environmental regimes. Attempts to develop a global investment regime have encountered resistance, not least from environmental interests. At the same time, regional trade regimes have sought to address both the environmental and the investment agenda but in a very different manner. This article looks at problems encountered with the investor-state dispute settlement process established by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The institutional dimension of this process is largely drawn from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and existing international institutions for commercial arbitration. The article traces some of the difficulties encountered in attempting to use institutions designed for a specific purpose and implemented in one organizational context, to achieve a different purpose in another organizational context. It discusses the problems that arise when institutions appropriate for settling commercial disputes between private actors are used as the basis for balancing private interests and public goods, the environment in particular. It highlights the importance of a more developed understanding of the interplay between institutions and organizations at the international level so as to avoid undesired outcomes.     

人与环境同构法初探

传统法律是建立在以人为主体的、以人类利益为中心的理念之上,人的权益是法律保护的核心。在迄今为止的所有法律中,环境始终处于客体的地位。为了人类不被毁灭,就必须放弃人的生存优先于环境系统存在的观念,赋予环境法律上的地位,把创建人与环境同构法作为在法律上解决人与环境问题的终极目标,实现人与环境的最终同构。同构法建立的主要途径,一是要扩展法律主体,赋予环境“法律人”的地位,使其具有主体资格并以平等的地位与人类签订契约;二是完善诉讼参加人制度,通过创建环境诉讼法的方式,让环境作为诉讼当事人或者有独立请求权的“第三人”参加诉讼。