基于实践的地方艾滋病立法研究

17年来的中国地方艾滋病立法取得了一定成绩,但也存在许多问题与不足。现实的选择是必须在遵循立法的指导思想和坚持立法的基本原则的基础上,根据立法依据尽快制定符合本地特色的防治条例。立法的总思路是转变观念,正视现实,先易后难,逐步建立与完善地方艾滋病立法体系。同时,为了提高立法质量,还必须辅之以组织措施、经费措施、计划措施与技术措施。     

地方公安院校应用型创新人才培养模式探讨

应用型创新人才的培养是时代的需要，是社会治安形势的迫切要求，也是提高公安队伍战斗力的重要手段。因此，地方公安高校必须进一步转变观念，加强课程体系、教学内容、教学方法与手段、考核评估方式及教学管理等方面的改革，为应用型公安创新人才培养服务。     

吉林省服务型政府建设的管理创新

政府的管理理念和治理模式应是与时俱进的。创建公共服务型政府已经成为一种历史的潮流,中国地方政府在此大有可为。本文主要从吉林省政府管理创新的对策研究入手,来探求中国地方政府管理创新、定位创新,职能创新、体制创新。     

完善党的地方纪检体制及监督机制的思考

本文遵循党中央关于改革和完善党的纪检体制的理论原则及基本思路,着重就完善党的地方纪检体制提出了理性思考,并对进一步完善监督工作机制提出了具体建议。     

市场经济需要加强地方立法

市场经济是法制经济 ,要建立社会主义市场经济 ,就必须加强法制建设 ,把市场经济纳入法制的轨道。立法是法运行的开端 ,加强法制建设必须加强立法工作。我国地域辽阔 ,人口众多 ,各地区经济发展不平衡 ,所以 ,在暂不便由国家先行立法或国家来不及立法的领域由地方先行立法 ,既保证了地方经济的发展 ,又为中央立法在该领域积累了实践经验。同时 ,地方立法又可为国家法律的贯彻实施起到重要的保障作用     

论赋予设区市的地方立法权

赋予设区市的地方立法权是城市经济发展、解决社会矛盾、处理地方事务以及发挥法治在地方改革引领作用的必然结果。但在全面赋予设区市地方立法权时如果制度设计不当,可能会带来法治碎片化、立法质量下降、助长地方保护主义以及侵蚀中央立法权的危险,对此要有充分的准备和对策。对设区市地方立法权的赋予可采取稳步推进方式,实现成熟一个赋予一个的渐进性路径,在一定期限内还要对受赋权的地方立法加强备案审查以及定期评估,并科学配置地方立法权限,以确保地方立法质量。     

Iron Houses in the Tropical Heat: Decentralization Reforms in Africa and their Consequences

Abstract

Decentralization reforms introduced to Africa have not always delivered the intended outcomes. Through interaction with the broader historical, political, social and economic context, reforms seem to have engendered political consequences beyond decentralization itself. Most of the literature on decentralization and development emphasizes questions of institutional design and policy, but here we expand the focus of analysis and incorporate the harder-to-pin-down political patterns marking the workings of decentralization in Africa. Through the case-studies of Ghana, Senegal, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Ethiopia and Uganda we seek to connect the debates on development with the scholarly literatures on comparative federalism, comparative decentralization and local democracy. The conclusion that emerges is that no magic formula which can turn countries into peaceful, stable and prosperous democracies overnight exists. And, importing formal institutions without regard to the local historical, political, social and economic context risks leaving us with elegant but dysfunctional iron houses in the tropical heat.     

Advancing Knowledge through Grassroots Experiments: Connecting Culture and Sustainability

Since 2006, hundreds of communities in Canada have produced Integrated Community Sustainability Plans, based on a four-pillar model of sustainability and developed in consultation with residents and stakeholders. These community-based experiments have developed models, knowledge, and insights about the place of culture in local sustainability. Both conceptual thinking and planning practices regarding the role of culture in sustainable communities were at an embryonic stage when these initiatives took place. The discussions, plans, and implementation processes have advanced both theory and “leading edge” practices with regard to culture and community sustainability, illustrating the importance of a robust relationship between research and practice.     

Poverty amid plenty: structural violence and local governance in western Congo

The protracted conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has drawn sharp criticism regarding the model of liberal peacebuilding employed in the country. Critics emphasise the importance of local ownership of peacebuilding mechanisms at sub-national as well as national levels. This raises questions in relation to the popular legitimacy and efficacy of local mechanisms. Drawing on field research conducted in the relatively affluent province of Bas-Congo in Western Congo, this article highlights a lack of popular legitimacy for provincial-level political authority within the province stemming from an acute marginalisation of the population from local structures of power and wealth. The article also demonstrates the inefficacy of more local, village and neighbourhood-based political structures which, aimed at conflict mitigation rather than transformation, ignore the structural roots of local conflicts and do little to counteract the growing social distrust, conflict and disintegration within local communities.     

Democracy,development and chieftaincy along South Africa's ‘Platinum Highway’: some emerging issues

South Africa's ‘Platinum Highway’ (Generally referred to as ‘the platinum belt’.) – ‘a 150?km continuation of platinum group metals (PGM)-bearing reefs’ [Havenstein, R. (2004). “The Platinum Highway – Where Does It Lead?” Accessed May 10, 2011. http://web.up.ac.za/sitefiles/file/EBIT-Innovate/The_Platinum_Highway-where_does_it.pdf, 1] – has ushered in a new era of considerable accumulation of mineral revenues by a few traditional authorities on whose communal lands platinum ore is extracted. The Royal Bafokeng community in the North West province stands as an epitome of this phenomenon. However, not much is known about the relationships at local governance level, particularly the interface of mineral wealth and community development. Adopting the Bafokeng community as an empirical case in this article, I argue that, despite some observed benefits, vast mineral wealth is likely to deepen tensions between local power holders within the sphere of rural local governance, thus paradoxically hampering development, particularly in a context where traditional authorities are the architects and champions of resource-engendered community development.