中国西部地方政府制度创新问题初探——甘肃定西市县、乡政府调查启示及对策建议

政府制度创新是引导和推动经济社会发展的强有力杠杆。西部经济的落后 ,地方政府制度创新的缺失是重要的原因。本文通过对甘肃定西六县一区及有关乡镇的调查 ,对西部地方政府制度创新问题做了初步的探讨 ,揭示了西部地方政府制度创新的压力和动力 ,并重点提出了创新的着力点及需要构建的环境平台。     

从政府机构设置现状看地方行政组织立法

地方政府机构、职位设置现存不少棘手的问题,是由于各种政治的、经济的、历史的原因特别是行政组织法的不健全造成的。加强地方行政组织立法,必须坚持地方性立法统一性、灵活性、实效性和针对性的一系列原则。     

浅谈民办教育产业的现状、问题及发展策略

民办教育是我国社会主义教育事业的重要组成部分 ,近几年来 ,在国家有关政策扶持下得到迅速发展。但作为新兴产业 ,目前民办教育产业中仍然存在一些问题。这些问题的解决需要投资者进一步调整办学思路 ,转变办学理念 ;需要国家完善法律体系 ,进一步规范民办教育行为等     

Past and present African citizenships of slave descent: lessons from Benin

This paper takes up the notion of citizenship and ethnicity as forms of belonging in the context of globalisation. The discussion draws on a case study focusing on a Fulfuldephone servile group from Northern Benin called the Gando. Since pre-colonial times, their servile status ascribed by birth has been an argument for placing them at the margins of their society and excluding them from political participation. While still claiming their belonging to the nation-state of Benin and the Fulbe's culture, the Gando have progressively built a new social identity that is showing to be a new ethnic group. In the context of the decentralisation reform implemented in 2002–2003, the Gando have taken the opportunity to access local power; they conquered municipal power in the 2003 and 2008 local elections. In doing so they opened the gates to a full citizenship that in the context of today's Benin means a clientelistic citizenship. Contrary to recent literature focused on the simultaneous emergence of belonging dynamics and violent conflicts in the context of recent globalisation in developing countries, the author argues that belonging dynamics do not necessarily imply violent conflicts and exclusion dynamics.     

论地方政府发债权的法理属性

在中央与地方关系的利益博弈中,地方政府拥有相对独立的发债权,意味着其必先拥有相对独立的财政自主权,而中央政府与地方政府和地方政府与地方人大的财政分权关系涉及纵向和横向权力制约的宪政命题。作为本地区公共利益的代表者和中央政府在地方的代言人,地方政府有着特殊的双重身份。从权力的法理属性来看,地方政府发债权具有公权力、地方权力和行政权力的属性特征。对地方政府发债权进行必要的规制和监督,成为了法治社会和宪政国家的应有之义。     

论地方政府效用选择驱动下的区域产业政策趋同

在区域经济的发展过程中,地方政府之间日益激烈的竞争必然会造成区域之间的产业政策趋同。这对于区域经济的协调发展和长远发展极为不利。该文提出化解问题的办法应当靠提高中央政府的宏观调控水平,强化地方政府的责、权、利边界,引导地方政府在区域产业政策中体现差异性。     

Non-Zero-Sum Leadership Games: Is Facilitative Leadership a Win-Win?

According to the concept of facilitative leadership, leaders can strengthen their own leadership by strengthening the other players in the game. However, quantitative empirical evidence that such facilitative leadership processes can lead to win-win situations has been lacking. This article develops a way to detect such non-zero-sum leadership games building on an index constructed to measure political leadership in surveys. The technique is applied to a case study focusing on Regional Mayors in Denmark, and the empirical findings clearly demonstrate that, in this case, the leadership game indeed resembles a non-zero-sum pattern.     

政府职能转变中绩效评估的工具作用

理论上，政府职能转变可以从狭义和广义两方面进行理解，党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》为解读政府职能转变提供了经典的范本。宏观层面的政府职能转变总体比较顺畅，在微观层面，政府职能转变的困境既有客观的因素，也有主观的原因。在内容上，职责不明、关系不顺的问题大量存在。运用政府绩效评估是促进政府职能转变的重要方法工具。政府绩效评估可以提供战略性的导向机制、操作性的了解机制和确定性的责任机制，有助于推动政府职能转变。     

教育地方立法中法律责任设定研究

为了保障依法治教,我国先后颁布了《中华人民共和国教师法》、《中华人民共和国教育法》等教育法律法规,我国教育法律体系初步形成。但是,由于各地教育发展水平不同,具体教育状况存在差异,而国家层面的教育立法侧重原则性的规定,因此,加强教育地方立法,可以有效实现依法治教,促进教育事业发展。目前在我国教育地方立法中,法律责任的设定存在问题多多,探讨教育地方立法责任设置具有重要的现实意义。     

Accounting for Variation in Distrust of Local Police

This paper tests a variety of explanations for variation in distrust of local police in the US. As with other attitudes toward the police, there is a substantial race gap in distrust of the police. Our analysis is based upon citizen survey data from 33 cities and data on policing characteristics and the city context for those same cities. It reveals that individual‐level factors representative of a psychological model are of substantial importance in accounting for variation in distrust of the police. City‐level attributes tapping differences in police performance are also important predictors of citizen distrust of the police, even once individual‐level attributes are controlled; and there are important racial differences in the impact of these police performance variables as well, resulting in a largely full accounting of the initial race gap.