Gang Membership,Gun Carrying,and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City,Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty∗

Conceptual inconsistencies in routine activities theory are illustrated by demonstrating how gang membership, gun carrying, and employment can be categorized as both risk and protective factors in a high‐poverty context. Two waves of longitudinal data from a high‐poverty sample of African American youth were used to examine the determinants of victimization risk. Bivariate analyses indicated that gang membership, gun carrying, and employment status are significant risk factors for violent victimization, but these effects were mediated by measures of lifestyles (e.g., demographic and family factors, deviant lifestyles) included as controls in the full multivariate model. In other words, the strong positive relationship between gang membership and gun carrying found in previous studies may be due to model misspecification and/or the lack of research on high‐poverty samples of inner city youth from the Deep South. Additional logistic regression analyses also indicate that the number of hours employed per week (but not employment status) is a risk factor for violent victimization. Finally, the theoretical implications of these findings for routine activities theory are discussed.     

妙喻连珠串《围城》

比喻是《围城》中运用得最多,也是最有特色的表现手法。在《围城》中,作者几乎调动了所有用得上的比喻手法,不仅有显喻、隐喻、曲喻,而且还有意向比喻、官感比喻、哲理比喻,等等。这些比喻如一颗颗熠熠发光的珍珠,缀满整部作品,使抽象化为形象,深奥化为浅显,复杂化为简约,平淡化为神奇,给语言增添了鲜明的艺术色彩,对增强作品的感染力也起到举足轻重的作用。     

新安全视角下美国政府的气候政策

"人类安全"逐渐成为一种新的安全理念,环境气候问题等各种影响人类安全和福祉的非传统安全问题日益引起广泛关注。全球性安全威胁的严重程度则取决于治理框架的反应能力。包括气候政策、法律和机构在内的气候环境治理框架能够最大限度地削弱全球化冲突的根源,避免影响的发生或减缓其进程。奥巴马上任以来美国新政府能源、环境和应对气候变化政策出现较大调整,大力推动新能源法案来减缓气候变化。这一政策转向具有深刻的历史动因和政治基础,并将给美国经济复苏和美国企业的国际竞争力带来压力,加剧美国对外贸易摩擦和削弱其在国际气候环境合作中的领导地位。     

Public administration in smart city: A bibliometric analysis

The role of the public administration is crucial for the development of smart cities. Several scholars have highlighted the need for greater contributions focused on the relationship between public administration and smart cities. This work aims to map the contributions on the topic highlighting the status of the field in the recent years. A bibliometric analysis was performed on a sample of articles published in business and management journals. The analysis was carried out using the R-studio Bibliometrics package. Results show that research on the topic is still in an initial stage and has several gaps that future studies could fill. The study is useful for scholars because it identifies the topics analyzed by previous research and highlights future research questions that could be investigated. The analysis highlighted the areas studied by scholars on the topic: urban planning, sustainable development, governance approach, Internet of Things and information and communication technologies.     

城市社区管理中的居民参与

居民参与在我国城市社区管理中发挥着重要作用,它有助于推动我国的民主化进程,有助于解决政府管理危机,有助于确保公共政策的有效运行。当前,我国城市社区管理中居民参与已经取得了一定的成效,但还存在参与广度与深度有限、参与发展不平衡、参与渠道不畅等问题。完善城市社区管理中的居民参与可以从三方面进行：一是大力培养和增强社区居民的参与意识;二是进一步健全与完善社区居民参与的组织体系;三是在法律中明确社区居民的参与权利与参与程序。     

贵阳城市文化的多元性发展分析

在现代化的进程中,贵阳城市文化基于历史和现实多种因素,呈现出多元化的发展特征,历史传统文化、红色文化、生态文化和民族地域文化等构成了多元城市文化的主要内容。     

榆林建设低碳城市的战略思考

建设低碳城市是榆林市的重大战略选择,榆林建设低碳城市具有显著的比较优势、后发优势和政策优势。榆林全面建设低碳城市的战略路径须从制定低碳城市规划、推进产业低碳化发展、实施更严格的低碳生产技术标准、打造低碳示范社区和消费低碳化等方面入手。     

我国城市街道办事处管理体制的改革创新与实践——以广州市荔湾区为视角

城市街道管理体制的改革与实践是城市基层政府治理和社会管理创新的重要举措.面对街道管理法律定位不明确、职能超载、职权有限、自身管理失灵等问题,广州市荔湾区政府以"一队伍三中心"为载体,重建街道办事处管理架构,规范编外人员管理,推进政府购买服务和网格化管理,进一步明确了区、街道、居委会等治理主体的责权,积累了宝贵的经验.但街道办事处在职能转变、改革的法律依据、公共服务供给、管理机制及社区自我治理等方面仍存在着诸多问题,需进一步并加以解决.     

平抑城市房价之路径探索——以农村集体建设用地直接入市为视角

我国大规模的城市化促使房地产业得以迅猛发展,然而,房地产市场供地单轨制和农村集体建设用地进入房市间接制已成为房地产业健康发展的主要障碍,尤其成为当前城市房地产价格高企和农村大量闲置建设用地价值无法实现的根源。因此,需要拓展并充实农村集体建设用地直接进入房地产市场的法律空间,进而建立起平等开放、城乡统一的房地产法律制度体系。     

增权理论视阈下对新生代农民工城市融入的介入

新生代农民工的城市融入性问题已成为影响城市发展、成果公平分享和中国社会良性转型的重大现实问题,运用增权理论对新生代农民工的城市融入性问题进行解读,自身权能的缺失和无权感使他们难以对城市社会产生归属感,解决这一问题的有效途径就是通过社会工作的干预和帮助,挖掘其潜能,从个体层面、人际关系层面、社会参与层面增强对权利的认识,减少或消除无权感、无助感,实现增权。即个体层面的增权：提升主体意识,增强认同感;人际关系层面的增权：扩大社会交往的范围,提升社会交往的层次;社会参与层面的增权：完善社会参与渠道,增强话语权。从个人能力、人际交往、社会参与三个方面进行增权,使之更好地融入城市社会。