警察职务防卫权行使的正当性要素及原则

本文以警察职务防卫权的主体、内容及目的等要素作为分析逻辑,解析了警察职务防卫权主体的适格性、内容的法定性以及目的设定与手段对应具有高度的契合性等正当化要素,提出了警察职务防卫权行使及理论建构必须坚持的原则。     

职务犯罪侦查预防非法取证工作机制研究

司法实践中,之所以会出现职务犯罪刑事错案,其根源在于侦查阶段的非法取证。现行《刑事诉讼法》确立了非法证据排除规则,对规范侦查取证行为产生了深远的影响。然而,现行法律中关于职务犯罪侦查预防非法取证的构建规制不多,实践效果并不能尽如人意,制度规范的瑕疵给司法工作者带来了不少困扰。唯有从法律规范,取证观念、取证能力等方面不断完善预防非法取证工作机制,方能走出困境。     

'Caparo Under Fire': a Study into the Effects upon the Fire Service of Liability in Negligence

This article discusses a research project which aimed to analyse the relationship between judicial pronouncements over the likely effects upon a defendant of the imposition of a duty of care in negligence, and any effects in practice. Empirical research was carried out to ascertain the effect upon the fire service of the Court of Appeal decision in Capital and Counties and Digital Equipment v Hampshire County Council [1997] QB 1004. This decision imposed a duty of care upon fire services to avoid making mistakes whilst fighting fires which might cause the fire to become more serious. The findings of the project are drawn upon to make observations regarding how the courts presently apply the third limb of the three stage test of duty of care derived from Caparo v Dickman, which asks whether it would be fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care.     

完善职务犯罪指定异地审判管辖制度建议

实践中,职务犯罪指定异地审判管辖存在一些问题,特别是案件的侦查和审判容易受到外力的干扰.为此,可从细化审判指定管辖的法律规定、明确指定异地法院的标准、规范指定审判管辖的具体适用程序等方面予以完善,以期为我国职务犯罪指定异地审判管辖制度有所助益.     

论职务犯罪指定管辖的利与弊

近几年来,刑事司法实践中指定管辖的案件越来越多,特别是对涉及职级较高官员的职务犯罪案件,指定管辖几乎已成为一种趋于固定的模式。由于有关刑事案件指定管辖的法律规定不够完善,理论研究相对薄弱,导致指定管辖实践中的许多问题不能很好地得到解决。因此,结合现有法律规定和法理,兼顾现实需要与可能,对职务犯罪指定管辖实践中的问题进行深入分析和探讨,逐步加以改进和完善,就显得十分必要。     

肖志军案中的刑法难题和价值取向——不作为、因果关系与间接故意之新界

丈夫拒绝签字导致妻子死亡的行为属于间接故意杀人。肖志军因具有法定的救助义务而成立不作为;刑法应偏向患者利益,在医疗领域中采用风险增高理论来判断因果关系;在拒签时,肖志军认识到了妻子死亡的具体危险性,这决定了他属于间接故意的杀人。在社会救助体制缺失时,刑法期待通过强化个人责任而确立"全力救助患者生命"的价值导向。     

安全保障义务与不作为侵权

最高人民法院人身损害赔偿司法解释第6条引入了源自德国判例的交往安全义务。但法院在审判实践中遇到的真正困难在于不作为或间接侵权的结构性特征所带来的因果关系难题。引入安全保障义务对解决这一难题的意义在于,如果安全保障义务的内容正是防止处于其保护范围内的人遭受第三人的侵害,或者防止处于其控制范围内的第三人侵害他人,那么认定义务人违反了此义务就可化解因果关系难题,但其意义也仅限于此。侵权责任法草案(二次审议稿)第14条对于第三人行为介入的各种情况欠缺考虑与准备,存在过度抽象之嫌,且一般性地否定了间接致害侵权存在的空间,将会带来严重的负面影响。     

论我国《侵权法》中安全保障义务人制度及其完善——从比较法角度审视

我国司法判例引出的问题及司法解释的局限性引起了学界对侵权立法中安全保障义务人制度的深入思考。因此,借鉴与研究大陆法系“善良家父”标准和英关法系“合理人”的注意制度,特别是英美法中的典型案例,并结合我国侵权立法的实际,提出适合我国国情的安全保障义务人的种类具有重要的现实意义。     

A War on Cops? The Effects of Ferguson on the Number of U.S. Police Officers Murdered in the Line of Duty

Police agencies in the U.S. are currently facing a major legitimacy crisis resulting from a spate of high-profile use of force incidents, many involving minority citizens. Recent headlines emphasize that there is now a “war on cops” and that police officers are facing increasing levels of hostility and violence fueled by a growing anti-police sentiment. In the aftermath of events in Ferguson, Missouri in August 2014, some commentators claim that the number of police officers feloniously assaulted and killed in the line of duty has increased sharply. Using time series analysis of data from the Officer Down Memorial Page, we test whether events in Ferguson were associated with an increase in the number of police officers murdered in the line of duty. Our results provide no evidence for a “Ferguson Effect” on the number of U.S. police officers murdered in the line of duty as of March 2016.     

Does it matter whether people will know that I did not vote? The role of social norms and visibility

People behave in accordance with social norms when they feel observed or when they know their behaviour is monitored or could be disclosed. Get-Out-The-Vote experiments show that individuals are more likely to vote when told that their behaviour will be disclosed. In everyday life, however, there is much uncertainty about whether people will indeed know if one turns out to vote. I argue that fear of disapproval should only mobilize citizens to vote when they expect that their (non-)voting will be visible to others. Using original survey data from Canada, I measure expectations about whether others will vote, would disapprove if the person abstains, and will know whether they have voted or not. Furthermore, I distinguish between expectations concerning the partner, family, friends, and neighbours. Results suggest that respondents who expect others to vote are themselves more likely to vote, but I find no evidence that disapproval and visibility are related to turnout in everyday life.