Blood aspiration as a vital sign detected by postmortem computed tomography imaging

Blood aspiration is a significant forensic finding. In this study, we examined the value of postmortem computed tomography (CT) imaging in evaluating findings of blood aspiration. We selected 37 cases with autopsy evidence of blood in the lungs and/or in the airways previously submitted to total-body CT scanning. The CT-images were retrospectively analyzed. In one case with pulmonary blood aspiration, biopsy specimens were obtained under CT guide for histological examination. In six cases, CT detected pulmonary abnormalities suggestive of blood aspiration, not mentioned in the autopsy reports. CT reconstructions provided additional data about the distribution and extent of aspiration. In one needle-biopsied case, the pulmonary specimens showed blood in the alveoli. We suggest the use of CT imaging as a tool complementary to traditional techniques in cases of blood aspiration to avoid misdiagnosis, to guide the investigation of lung tissue, and to allow for more evidence-based inferences on the cause of death.     

光谱成像检验同种同色涂抹掩盖字迹研究

目的建立一种无损、灵敏、直观的同种同色涂抹掩盖字迹的显现方法。方法依据涂抹掩盖字迹油墨物质的同色异谱特征,利用可见光滤波型多光谱成像检验系统进行检验。结果黑色圆珠笔、蓝色圆珠笔、黑色签字笔和蓝色签字笔相互涂抹掩盖形成的同种同色涂抹掩盖样本,利用可见光滤波型多光谱成像检验系统进行检验,显效率分别为90.5%、69.1%、49.5%、78.6%,显现效果良好。结论多光谱成像技术可以显现同种同色涂抹掩盖字迹,且具有良好的显现效果。     

显微光谱成像技术在汽车油漆截面检验中的应用

目的对汽车多层油漆的横截面进行分层和比对研究。方法运用显微光谱成像技术对收集的12个省市623个汽车漆片样本进行分层,并对截面结构相同或相似的油漆样本进行了区分。结果 623个油漆样本均可以分层,分析出漆层为两层及以上的油漆样本数占总数的87.26%;截面结构相同或相似的油漆样本能够多层同时区分。结论该方法具有科学及实用价值,检验结果可靠,可见光谱成像技术完全可运用拓展到微量物证的检验中。     

免疫磁珠技术和精子抗原研究进展与法医学应用

免疫磁珠技术在生物学领域应用广泛,通过制备精子特异性抗体,并与磁性微球偶联,可达到对精阴混合斑中精子和女性阴道上皮细胞分离。本文简述了免疫磁珠技术的研究进展及磁珠主要制备方法,同时结合精子表面抗原的研究进展,提出磁珠抗体法提取精子DNA的可能性,并展望了磁珠抗体结合技术在法医学应用前景。     

If Brain Scans Really Detected Deception,Who Would Volunteer to be Scanned?

Abstract: Recent neuroimaging studies investigating the neural correlates of deception among healthy people, have raised the possibility that such methods may eventually be applied during legal proceedings. Were this so, who would volunteer to be scanned? We report a “natural experiment” casting some light upon this question. Following broadcast of a television series describing our team’s investigative neuroimaging of deception in 2007, we received unsolicited (public) correspondence for 12 months. Using a customized template to examine this material, three independent assessors unanimously rated 30 of an initial 56 communications as unequivocally constituting requests for a “scan” (to demonstrate their author’s “innocence”). Compared with the rest, these index communications were more likely to originate from incarcerated males, who were also more likely to engage in further correspondence. Hence, in conclusion, if neuroimaging were to become an acceptable means of demonstrating innocence then incarcerated males may well constitute those volunteering for such investigation.     

Analysis of carbohydrates in seized heroin using capillary electrophoresis

Illicitly produced heroin is commonly cut with carbohydrates to increase bulk. The analysis of these solutes is important for legal and intelligence purposes. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the qualitative analysis of dextrose, lactose, sucrose, inositol, and mannitol in heroin exhibits. For this method, a 64 cm (55.5 cm to detector window) by 50 mum capillary was used with the Agilent Basic Anion Buffer modified to pH 12.1. This separation was performed at 25 degrees C with a voltage of 20 kV and indirect detection with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as the visualization reagent. The methodology is also applicable for the screening of inorganic and organic anions using indirect detection, and acidic adulterants using direct detection. For a run time of 13 min, the relative standard deviation (n = 6) of the methodology was better than 0.36% for migration times and less than 2.6% for corrected peak areas. For the analysis of carbohydrates and acidic adulterants in seized heroin, excellent agreement was obtained between CE and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.     

人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨哈氏系统图像分析的比较

目的探讨人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨的哈氏系统的形态特点、图像分析特点及其鉴别要点。方法制作人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨中段横切磨片35张,光镜下观察比较哈氏系统,并在研究型显微镜下进行图像分析。结果人骨无丛状骨和骨单位带;人与狗、猪、牛、羊骨的哈氏系统在形状、大小、分布位置、均匀程度等方面存在明显差异;人骨哈佛骨板层数最多,哈氏系统直径最大;中央管直径和面积百分比的图像分析结果显示人与动物骨的差异均有显著意义。结论(1)丛状骨、骨单位带在种属鉴定中可作为人骨的排除指标;(2)人骨与狗、猪、牛、羊骨在哈氏系统结构方面有明显区别;(3)利用图像分析进行种属鉴定,中央管面积百分比是区别人骨与动物骨的重要参考指标。     

放射影像学在颈部损伤尸体检验中的应用

多层面计算机断层成像(MSCT)和磁共振成像(MRI)对尸体骨骼系统和软组织损伤的诊断价值等同于传统的尸体解剖,运用在颈部损伤的尸体检验中可以弥补传统尸体解剖的某些不足,在某些特定的环境、腐败、烧焦或具有传染性的尸体检验中,MSCT和MRI联合使用可以作为机械性窒息、挥鞭样损伤、颈椎损伤及颈部血管损伤的可选择的法医学检查手段之一。     

膝关节侧副韧带损伤MRI影像诊断的比较研究

目的研究膝关节侧副韧带损伤的MRI诊断与法医学鉴定意义。方法对经手术或临床证实的11例共13条损伤的侧副韧带与12例正常膝关节进行回顾性MRI对比研究。结果正常胫、腓侧副韧带在T1WI和T2WI上均呈扁平条状低信号结构,平均长度分别为6.8cm和5.7cm;13条侧副韧带损伤,单纯胫侧副韧带损伤6条,单纯腓侧副韧带损伤3条,两侧侧副韧带同时损伤2例4条;其中I级侧副韧带损伤5条,II级侧副韧带损伤5条;III级侧副韧带损伤3条;7例(63.6%)出现并发症,其中前交叉韧带损伤3条,后交叉韧带损伤4条,半月板损伤2个。结论MRI能清晰显示膝关节侧副韧带解剖结构,能准确诊断侧副韧带损伤并进行分级,还能发现多种并发症,对法医学鉴定有重要意义。     

恒强磁场下的大鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡和P53基因的关系

目的 探讨恒强磁场所致的Warlker-256肿瘤细胞凋亡机制。方法 以全长P53cDNA作探针,采用DNA和RNA Dot Blot及分子印迹杂交(Southern和Northern Blot)技术和免疫组织化学染色检测320只磁场处理动物和80只未经磁场处理动物肿瘤细胞P53基因扩增、重排、缺失、转录和表达。结果 在Warlker-256肿瘤细胞,P53为野生型,磁场处理和未经处理的动物均未见P53基因扩增、重排和缺失。磁场处理组P53基因转录比未经磁场处理组明显增强(P<0.01)。免疫组化显示,磁场处理组比未经磁场处理组P53表达显著增强(P<0.01)。结论 以上结果提示恒强磁场引起的荷瘤大鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡同P53基因转录和表达增强有关,表现出P53依赖性凋亡的特点。