利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱推测死亡时间

目的利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱推断死亡时间。方法选取12只白兔,利用多体素磁共振波谱测定死后0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12、16、24h脑内N-乙酰天冬氨酸、胆碱复合物及磷酸肌酸和肌酸的代谢值。结果在死后24h内Naa/Cr、Naa/Ch随死亡时间的延长而降低;Ch/Cr先升高再下降,然后持续升高。结论经多体素质子磁共振研究,Naa/Cr、Naa/Ch、Ch/Cr死后改变呈现一定规律,可用于推断死亡时间。     

Post-mortem forensic neuroimaging: correlation of MSCT and MRI findings with autopsy results

Multislice-computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly used for forensic purposes. Based on broad experience in clinical neuroimaging, post-mortem MSCT and MRI were performed in 57 forensic cases with the goal to evaluate the radiological methods concerning their usability for forensic head and brain examination. An experienced clinical radiologist evaluated the imaging data. The results were compared to the autopsy findings that served as the gold standard with regard to common forensic neurotrauma findings such as skull fractures, soft tissue lesions of the scalp, various forms of intracranial hemorrhage or signs of increased brain pressure. The sensitivity of the imaging methods ranged from 100% (e.g., heat-induced alterations, intracranial gas) to zero (e.g., mediobasal impression marks as a sign of increased brain pressure, plaques jaunes). The agreement between MRI and CT was 69%. The radiological methods prevalently failed in the detection of lesions smaller than 3mm of size, whereas they were generally satisfactory concerning the evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage. Due to its advanced 2D and 3D post-processing possibilities, CT in particular possessed certain advantages in comparison with autopsy with regard to forensic reconstruction. MRI showed forensically relevant findings not seen during autopsy in several cases. The partly limited sensitivity of imaging that was observed in this retrospective study was based on several factors: besides general technical limitations it became apparent that clinical radiologists require a sound basic forensic background in order to detect specific signs. Focused teaching sessions will be essential to improve the outcome in future examinations. On the other hand, the autopsy protocols should be further standardized to allow an exact comparison of imaging and autopsy data. In consideration of these facts, MRI and CT have the power to play an important role in future forensic neuropathological examination.     

情感——商业广告的“卖点”

情感在人类活动中有十分重要的作用,在日趋激烈的商业竞争中,商品言行的情感诉求具有特殊的作用与功效:超越文化背景的限制,极易激发心理反应,因模糊朦胧而具有更广泛的诱导性,怀旧情感可引发共鸣。因此,情感诉求已成为决定广告成败的重要原因和条件之一。     

光谱成像中光谱基准点选取的研究

目的研究物证检验应用光谱成像标准化规范化的操作技术方法。方法比较相同数据采集条件下选择不同光谱基准点区分物质的效果。结果选择不同基准点对光谱成像检验效果影响很大。结论应用光谱成像方法检验物证时针对不同检验目的选择不同基准点具有很强的规律性。     

运用光谱成像技术区分同色棉纤维

目的研究同色棉纤维的检验方法。方法运用成像光谱法对红、蓝、黑3个颜色组的棉纤维进行区分。结果红色棉纤维的鉴别率为62．2％，蓝色棉纤维的鉴别率为77．8％，黑色棉纤维的鉴别率为69．6％。结论实验结果表明，光谱成像技术可以区分大部分同色棉纤维。拓宽了纤维检验的方法，解决了同色棉纤维的区分问题，该方法能够用于对微量同色棉纤维的快速鉴别。     

体外受精胎胚的法律地位研究

人工辅助生殖技术的出现导致双轨生殖体制的形成,对传统法律制度提出了挑战,各国纷纷以立法应对。其中最核心的法律问题就是受精胎胚的法律属性问题。各国在理论以及实践中分别作出不同的回答,包括主体说(分为有限自然人说和法人说)、客体说(分为财产说和私生活利益说)以及中介说。其中中介说作为一种最有解释力的理论为多数国家关于人工辅助生殖的立法奉行。采用中介说,是我国民法立法的不二选择。     

光谱成像检验技术

光谱成像组合了光谱技术和成像技术。通过运用成像光谱仪 ,光谱成像方法可以记录被检验物体在一个较宽光谱范围内均匀密集分布的窄波段反射光或荧光亮度分布影像 ,形成含有物体亮度信息和光谱信息的光谱影像集。这种技术方法可以用于物证的形态特征检验和物质成分检验。相对传统光谱检验或成像检验技术 ,光谱成像检验的能力和效果都具有明显优势。     

A Systematic Study to Understand the Effects of Particle Size Distribution of Magnetic Fingerprint Powders on Surfaces with Various Porosities

This study intends to design magnetite (Fe₃O₄)‐based magnetic fingerprint powders with different particle size distributions. It also investigates the influence of particle size distribution on the visualization of latent fingermarks with as little background staining as possible on the surfaces with various porosities in a systematic way. Two strategies were used to prepare the magnetic fingerprint formulations for this study: milling of coarse magnetite particles for different durations, and mixing of sieved fine particles with different size ranges with coarse particles. Particle size analyses of the prepared magnetic powders, optical microscopy‐based roughness analysis of the surfaces and SEM measurements of the visualized fingerprints and representative powders were performed. Mag2 of the formulations prepared through milling and Mag5 and Mag6 of the formulations prepared through sieving and mixing were more successful in the development of latent prints than the rest of the solutions.     

Identification of 2‐(ethylamino)‐1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐pentanone (4‐MEAP), a New “Legal High” Sold by an Internet Vendor as 4‐Methyl Pentedrone

Online vendors are offering a new legal high, 4‐methylpentedrone (4‐MPD). Information for potential users provided by internet vendors of 4‐MPD includes incorrect structures and nonexistent CAS numbers. A sample of 4‐MPD was obtained and analyzed using GC‐MS, NMR, and LC‐EIS. The fragmentation data from the GC‐MS and LC‐EIS produced an M‐1 ion that suggested the molecular mass was 219 amu, rather than 205 amu as calculated for 4‐methylpentedrone. The difference in molecular mass corresponded to the addition of a methyl group. Based on the mass and fragmentation pattern, two standards were synthesized, 2‐(ethylamino)‐1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐pentanone and 1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐(propylamino)‐1‐butanone. The synthesis involved bromination of the appropriate ketone followed by the reaction with ethylamine or propylamine. Based on the NMR data and unique fragmentation patterns produced by these molecules, the sample was identified as 2‐(ethylamino)‐1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐pentanone, not 4‐methylpentedrone.     

化学成像检验技术新发展

化学成像检验技术已经成为物证鉴定学科研究的重点和热点课题。化学成像检验技术结合了成像检验。光谱分析。图像处理等技术方法，能够为检验鉴定同时提供定量定性定位的准确信息。本文参考大量文献。总结归纳了化学成像检验的定义。介绍了化学成像检验技术应用于法庭科学研究现状与未来发展趋势。