浅谈网络著作权侵权案件的地域管辖

网络在带给人们方便的同时也带来了一系列的法律问题,网络著作权侵权案件地域管辖的确定便是其中之一。网络所建构的虚拟空间突破了实体地域与国界的限制,当网络著作权侵权行为发生时,以地域为基础的传统管辖权理论与规定似乎无法圆满解决网络侵权案件管辖权争议,因此当侵权行为人利用网络实施侵权行为引发诉讼时,判断侵权案件地域管辖即成为一个现实的问题。本文分析了网络著作权侵权的一般性问题、我国现行法律关于网络著作权侵权案件地域管辖相关的规定及网络著作权侵权案件地域管辖确定的标准。     

Attributions for episodes of marital aggression: The effects of aggression severity and alcohol use

This study examined attributions for husband to wife marital agression as a function of aggression severity and husbands' alcohol use. Subjects were a community sample of 117 wives and 109 husbands who reported an episode of serious physical aggression during a structured interview, conducted at one year of marriage. The results showed that husbands' attributions were influenced by both severity and alcohol use. In particular, sober husbands tended to blame their wives for severe aggression, but, unexpectedly, drinking husbands tended to assume responsibility for severe aggression. In contrast, wives' attributions were influenced mainly by severity. Wives also discriminated between the locus and stability dimensions of causal attributions, whereas husbands relied solely on the locus dimension. Specifically, wives held husbands' behavior more responsible for severe aggression than their own behavior and held husbands' character much more responsible than their own character. Additional findings with regard to relationship attributions were discussed.     

网络著作权侵权之基本问题研究

伴随网络技术的飞速发展,互联网给传统的著作权制度带来了许多新的挑战,尤其当前对网络著作权侵权研究的欠缺,导致立法及实践中出现了一系列的问题。本文拟对其中有关的基本问题略陈管见,并提出个人的本观点和立法建议。     

环境侵权与环境侵害--兼论环境法的使命

随着人们对环境问题关注程度的提高,环境侵权也受到了学界和实务界的高度重视。环境法学界有不少学者都对环境侵权的概念作过认真的疏解,但学者们所定义的环境侵权行为的具体内容、受害主体、侵犯客体三个基本问题上存在明显的分歧并与侵权行为法理论、侵权行为法相矛盾。环境侵权是侵权行为法范畴内的概念,是因生产和生活行为侵害环境并因而对他人的人身权、财产权等权益造成损害的行为。环境侵权是环境侵害的一个组成部分,甚至只是一个小部分。     

A case of mistaken identity: The wrongful classification of Islamic marriage contracts as premarital agreements in New York

New York precedent has mischaracterized Islamic marriage contracts, or nikah agreements, as premarital agreements. Nikah agreements are not premarital agreements; they are contracts. This mischaracterization has subjected nikah agreements to the acknowledgement requirement codified in N.Y. DRL § 236(B)(3) which has incorrectly been used to strike down valid contracts which Islamic litigants rely on. To prevent the effects of this mischaracterization, this Note suggests to New York appellate courts that a recharacterization of these agreements as contracts would prevent further confusion amongst the lower courts and allow for clearer, more uniform decisions.     

生育权探析

生育权是一种选择权。在现代法律制度中,它客观上应当包括"公民个人生育权"和"夫妻共同生育权"两种类型,生育权存在于生命权之中,死刑犯没有生育权,侵害夫妻生育权来自外部侵权、内部侵权两个方面,侵犯生育权的民事责任立法应解决好归责原则、抗辩事由、举证责任三方面的问题。     

我国夫妻财产制的构建

随着家庭可支配财产和公民个人权利保护意识同步上升,夫妻之间因财产引起的纠纷也不断增加,现行单一的夫妻共同财产制已不能满足现实需求。应建立婚内侵权损害赔偿制度,建立非常财产制,并补充完善婚内夫妻共同财产分割制度,以解决实践中夫妻共同财产分割纠纷。     

一房二卖的债法救济

"一房二卖"主要是指房屋所有人在与先买受人签订房屋买卖合同后,未进行登记前又与后买受人订立买卖合同并转移所有权的情形。在此种情况下,先买受人往往处于被动状态。从债法救济的角度出发,分析不动产一物数卖的多个买卖合同的效力、先买受人的撤销权、侵权损害赔偿请求以及违约损害赔偿等问题,通过相关法律分析以及法律完善和救济来实现各方利益的均衡。     

侵犯著作权的惩罚性赔偿与表达自由

著作权侵权具有易发性、难以预防和控制、侵权成本低与维权成本高的特点。传统民法认为,侵权损害赔偿只具有填补损害的功能。然而,作品作为一种典型的公共产品,著作权人对作品的控制较弱,补偿性损害赔偿难以为著作权提供足够保护。因此,在著作权侵权救济中应引入惩罚性赔偿。同时,考虑到惩罚性赔偿有可能会不合理地限制作品的传播进而影响到社会公众的表达自由,在惩罚性赔偿的适用范围和条件上应当做出一定限制。     

EXPLAINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCARCERATION AND DIVORCE

Recent studies have suggested that incarceration dramatically increases the odds of divorce, but we know little about the mechanisms that explain the association. This study uses prospective longitudinal data from a subset of married young adults in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 1,919) to examine whether incarceration is associated with divorce indirectly via low marital love, economic strain, relationship violence, and extramarital sex. The findings confirmed that incarcerations occurring during, but not before, a marriage were associated with an increased hazard of divorce. Incarcerations occurring during marriage also were associated with less marital love, more relationship violence, more economic strain, and greater odds of extramarital sex. Above‐average levels of economic strain were visible among respondents observed preincarceration, but only respondents observed postincarceration showed less marital love, more relationship violence, and higher odds of extramarital sex than did respondents who were not incarcerated during marriage. These relationship problems explained approximately 40 percent of the association between incarceration and marital dissolution. These findings are consistent with theoretical predictions that a spouse's incarceration alters the rewards and costs of the marriage and the relative attractiveness of alternative partners.