固相微萃取（SPME）GC／MS、GC／MS／MS法检测环境水中的有机磷杀虫剂

目的　通过对固相微萃取 (SPME)条件的优化、筛选实验 ,建立环境水中有机磷杀虫剂的快速检验方法。方法　收集 17种有机磷杀虫剂 ,使用SPME并结合GC/MS、GC/MS/MS检验方法。结果　该方法简便、灵敏、迅速、可靠 ,样品利用率高 ,最低检测浓度为 0 .0 1～ 10 0 pg/ml,在痕量范围 0 .1～ 10ng/ml内线性回归好(相关系数r达 0 .99以上 )。结论　实际应用效果理想 ,有望成为公安、环保、检验检疫的农残及毒物分析中的一种快速有效的分析方法。     

INTEGRATING RACE,PLACE AND MOTIVE IN SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY: LESSONS FROM A COMPARISON OF BLACK AND LATINO HOMICIDE TYPES IN TWO IMMIGRANT DESTINATION CITIES*

In this paper, we examine and compare the impact of social disorganization, including recent immigration, and other predictors on community counts of black and Latino motive‐specific homicides in Miami and San Diego. Homicides for 1985 to 1995 are disaggregated into escalation, intimate, robbery and drug‐related motives. Negative binomial regression models with corrections for spatial autocorrelation demonstrate that there are similarities and differences in effects of social disorganization and other predictors by motive‐specific outcomes, as well as for outcomes across ethnic groups within cities and within ethnic groups across cities. Recent immigration is negatively or not associated with most outcomes. Overall, the study shows the importance of disaggregating homicide data by race/ethnicity and motive and demonstrates that predictions based on existing theories are qualified on local conditions.     

农村基层干群关系嬗变制度性成因探微

随着农村改革和发展的不断深入,出现了不少新情况和新问题。其中基层干群关系的显著变化是问题之一。压力型政府、财政体制、人事制度以及官员自身素质低等问题,严重影响了干群关系。密切农村基层干群关系,最重要的是维护好农民的切身利益。     

Short term impact of Tribulus terrestris intake on doping control analysis of endogenous steroids

Tribulus terrestris is a nutritional supplement highly debated regarding its physiological and actual effects on the organism. The main claimed effect is an increase of testosterone anabolic and androgenic action through the activation of endogenous testosterone production. Even if this biological pathway is not entirely proven, T. terrestris is regularly used by athletes. Recently, the analysis of two female urine samples by GC/C/IRMS (gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio-mass-spectrometry) conclusively revealed the administration of exogenous testosterone or its precursors, even if the testosterone glucuronide/epitestosterone glucuronide (T/E) ratio and steroid marker concentrations were below the cut-off values defined by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). To argue against this adverse analytical finding, the athletes recognized having used T. terrestris in their diet. In order to test this hypothesis, two female volunteers ingested 500 mg of T. terrestris, three times a day and for two consecutive days. All spot urines were collected during 48 h after the first intake. The ¹³C/¹²C ratio of ketosteroids was determined by GC/C/IRMS, the T/E ratio and DHEA concentrations were measured by GC/MS and LH concentrations by radioimmunoassay. None of these parameters revealed a significant variation or increased above the WADA cut-off limits. Hence, the short-term treatment with T. terrestris showed no impact on the endogenous testosterone metabolism of the two subjects.     

大众文化对大学生成长的影响

大众文化是一把双刃剑,对大学生即有正面影响也有负面影响。如何对大众文化进行管理和引导,去其糟粕,发挥其极积作用,克服其消极作用,引导大学生健康成长成才是我们亟待研究的课题。     

试论数字化技术在新闻教育中的应用

在当今的信息时代,数字化技术几乎影响到社会的所有领域,新闻教育也不例外。数字多媒体教学、网络交互式学习、设置网络选修课程、建设数字化实习园地等数字化技术在新闻教育中的应用,必将缓解目前新闻教育面临的困境,也会进一步引发新闻教育观念的转变,促进新闻教育的深度改革,从而实现新闻教育质的突破。     

孤独的英雄与麻木的群氓——萨特的《苍蝇》再解读

历史上伟大的人物往往都是孤独的,如萨特《苍蝇》中的俄瑞斯忒斯,鲁迅《药》中的夏瑜,他们先知先觉,企图唤醒麻木且愚昧的群众,救民于水火,结果却总不被理解,换来嘲笑或误解甚至怨恨,但他们都无怨无悔地承担自己的选择所带来的相应后果,继续为大众的幸福而前赴后继。     

The Application of Missing Data Estimation Models to the Problem of Unknown Victim/Offender Relationships in Homicide Cases

Homicide cases suffer from substantial levels of missing data, a problem largely ignored by criminological researchers. The present research seeks to address this problem by imputing values for unknown victim/offender relationships using the EM algorithm. The analysis is carried out first using homicide data from the Los Angeles Police Department (1994-1998), and then compared with imputations using homicide data for Chicago (1991-1995), using a variety of predictor variables to assess the extent to which they influence the assignment of cases to the various relationship categories. The findings indicate that, contrary to popular belief, many of the unknown cases likely involve intimate partners, other family, and friends/acquaintances. However, they disproportionately involve strangers. Yet even after imputations, stranger homicides do not increase more than approximately 5%. The paper addresses the issue of whether data on victim/offender relationships can be considered missing at random (MAR), and the im-plications of the current findings for both existing and future research on homicide.     

Reparations To Victims Before The International Criminal Court: Lessons From International Mass Claims Processes

The implementation of the rights of victims under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court presents momentous challenges to the Court. Given the nature of the crimes falling under the Court's jurisdiction, victims' reparation claims are often likely to number thousands, if not tens of thousands. Under the Statute, it is the Court's task to organize and determine the modalities of victims' participation in the reparation proceedings. The Court is well advised to closely examine the approaches and solutions developed by modern international and national mass claims programs that have faced similar challenges. The paper analyses in detail these challenges and outlines the options available to the Court. The authors are attorneys with Lalive, an international law firm based in Geneva, Switzerland. For further information see http://www.lalive.ch.     

The effects of marital status on adult female homicides in the United States

With data from the 1992 Mortality Detail File, we examine the effects of marital status on female homicide victimization in the United States. Multivariate logistic regression was fitted to all female homicide deaths occuring in 1992. Results indicate that, controlling for race, education, nativity, city size, region of the country, occupation, age, day of the week, and month of the year, divorced females were 55.3% more likely to be homicide victims than married females. Notably, single women did not differ from married women with respect to homicide risk. Finally, widowed women were significantly less likely to be homicide victims than married women. The results suggest a complicated relationship between marital status and female homicide victimization.