如何处置群体性事件

群体性：事件处置不当,将给社会稳定带来严重危害。群体性事件的发生机制与燃烧的机制一样：一是被歧视、被不公正对待的社会阶层（或群体、集团）的愤怒或挫折感的积累（即燃料的形成）;二是激发群体性事件的意外事件或谣言（即火种）。群体性事件处置的第一个重要原则是预防,即防止罢工抗议人群情绪失控、防止人群中出现暴力违法行为;第二个重要原则就是在抗议罢工人群出现暴力甚至与警察冲突时,要采取“擒贼擒王”、“网开一面”的原则。     

论群体性事件处置中参与者负性抵抗心理及其对策

在处置群体性事件实践中,事件参与者出现的负性抵抗心理容易使公安机关宣传信息力度减弱,扭曲、变形、转向。为此,本文在研究事件参与者负性抵抗心理及其行为表现的基础上,分析了原因,提出了增强宣传者影响力、科学设置宣传内容、合理运用宣传手段等对策,达到降低、消除参与者的负性抵抗心理,使公安机关宣传工作效果最大化,达到妥善处置群体性事件的目的。     

论群体性突发事件的特点及预防处置机制

文章提出了群体性突发事件具有多发性、利益性、非政治性、渐进性、多变性的特点,指出要建立健全预防和处置群体性突发事件的九大机制,即领导机制、工作机制、激励机制、监督机制、信息网络机制、减压机制、预警机制、预防机制和处置机制。     

媒介对三农作用指标体系的研究路径及功能

建立检测媒介对三农作用的指标体系,可以使媒介对三农作用的系列调查具有可比性与延续性,可以成为评价媒介作用、监测媒介发展状况的依据,并为政府有关部门提供决策依据.本文探讨了这一指标体系的研究路径,提出了应当以中国主流媒体的职责功能为出发点,以传播学为理论基础,以其功能说为维度.同时应当遵循定量与定性相统一、客观指标与主观指标相结合,指标应具有广泛的覆盖性并能加以量化等方面的原则.     

Fimag: The United Kingdom Disaster Victim/Forensic Identification Imaging System

Abstract:  Imaging is an integral diagnostic tool in mass fatality investigations undertaken traditionally by plain X-rays, fluoroscopy, and dental radiography. However, little attention has been given to appropriate image reporting, secure data transfer and storage particularly in relation to the need to meet stringent judicial requirements. Notwithstanding these limitations, it is the risk associated with the safe handling and investigation of contaminated fatalities which is providing new challenges for mass fatality radiological imaging. Mobile multi-slice computed tomography is an alternative to these traditional modalities as it provides a greater diagnostic yield and an opportunity to address the requirements of the criminal justice system. We present a new national disaster victim/forensic identification imaging system—Fimag—which is applicable for both contaminated and non-contaminated mass fatality imaging and addresses the issues of judicial reporting. We suggest this system opens a new era in radiological diagnostics for mass fatalities.     

Forensic DNA Challenges: Replacing Numbers with Names of Fosse Ardeatine’s Victims*

Abstract: The Fosse Ardeatine massacre was a mass execution carried out in Rome on March 24, 1944 by Nazi German occupation troops during the Second World War as a reprisal for a partisan attack conducted on the previous day in central Rome. The 335 civilians were taken to the “Cave Ardeatine” and they were shot. Only 323 corpses out of 335 have been identified. The aim of this work is the genetic and anthropological analysis of the remains exhumed from grave number 329 of Fosse Ardeatine’s Shrine to assess their identity. So far, such remains have been supposed to belong to MM but mitochondrial analysis excluded a biological relationship to two living maternal relatives. Our analysis indicated that remains recovered in grave number 329 do not belong to MM. This result suggests that genetic analysis of the remains should be also applied to the other 12 unknown corpses to elucidate their identity.     

The Stability of Collected Human Scent Under Various Environmental Conditions*,†

Abstract: Human scent evidence collected from objects at a crime scene is used for scent discrimination with specially trained canines. Storage of the scent evidence is usually required yet no optimized storage protocol has been determined. Storage containers including glass, polyethylene, and aluminized pouches were evaluated to determine the optimal medium for storing human scent evidence of which glass was determined to be the optimal storage matrix. Hand odor samples were collected on three different sorbent materials, sealed in glass vials and subjected to different storage environments including room temperature, ?80°C conditions, dark storage, and UVA/UVB light exposure over a 7‐week period. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace of the samples were extracted and identified using solid‐phase micro‐extraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS). Three‐dimensional covariance mapping showed that glass containers subjected to minimal UVA/UVB light exposure provide the most stable environment for stored human scent samples.     

著作权侵权责任归责原则研究

研究著作权侵权责任归责原则,直接关系到《民法》、《著作权法》的应用,以及著作权案件的正确处理。著作权侵权责任归责原则是指侵害著作权的损害事实或者法律规定的涉及著作权的其他事实已经发生,确定行为人对自己的行动座依何种根据承担民事责任的原则。著作权侵权责任归责原则要结合过错责任原则和无过错责任原则。并根据侵犯著作人身权和侵犯著作财产权的不同,予以分别适用。     

舆情控制化解群体性事件初探

2008年发生在贵州的翁安事件、云南的胶农事件,引起各级政府及民众的一片哗然,特别是给全国的公安机关敲响了警钟。随着我国进入社会转型期,加之全球经济危机的影响,各种社会矛盾日益凸现。一些地方政府片面追求经济效益,领导干部对群众的感情冷淡麻木,人民群众的利益诉求长期得不到解决,必然导致群体性事件发生。这不仅造成了严重的负面社会影响,而且还造成了巨大的经济财产损失。如何巧妙处置群体性事件,已成为对公安机关的严峻考验。笔者认为,可以在我国社会主义转型期建立舆情导控员制度,通过正确、合理引导群众舆论,来达到化解群体性事件发生的目的。     

Desorption electrospray tandem MS (DESI-MSMS) analysis of methyl centralite and ethyl centralite as gunshot residues on skin and other surfaces

Abstract:  A direct and sensitive method for the detection of methyl centralite (MC) and ethyl centralite (EC) as gunshot residues (GSRs) has been developed. This method uses desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-tandem mass spectrometry and directly desorbs and detects analytes from surfaces without any sampling process. Typical transitions for MC and EC, m/z 241 to m/z 134 and m/z 269 to m/z 148, respectively, were used to improve the assay sensitivity. It has been shown that MC and EC can be detected on various surfaces, with detection limits of 5–70 pg/cm². Interferences, detection time after shooting and the number of times hands were washed after shooting were also evaluated. None of the materials interfered with the results and the detection window for organic GSRs was up to 12 h and hands could be washed at least six times. Further samples were analyzed to confirm the reliability of this method, and showed that it could discriminate shooters from nonshooters. This method should be of significance in forensic science, especially in analyzing GSRs, because of its simplicity, high throughput, and the direct detection of MC and EC on suspects' hands, clothes, and hair.