Current state and progress of research on forensic biomechanics in China

Forensic biomechanics gradually has become a significant component of forensic science. Forensic biomechanics is evidence-based science that applies biomechanical principles and methods to forensic practice, which has constituted one of the most potential research areas. In this review, we introduce how finite element techniques can be used to simulate forensic cases, how injury criteria and injury scales can be used to describe injury severity, and how tests of postmortem human subjects and dummy can be used to provide essential validation data. This review also describes research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.

Key points

• The review shows the main research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.
• The review introduces eight cases about the application of forensic biomechanics, including the multiple rigid body reconstruction, the finite element applications, study of mechanical properties, traffic crash reconstruction based on multiple techniques and analysis of morphomechanical mechanism about blood dispersal.
• Though forensic biomechanics has a great advantage for the evaluation of injury mechanisms, it still has some uncertainties owing to the uniqueness of the human anatomy, the complexity of biological materials, and the uncertainty of injury-causing circumstances.

     

Use of a Spray Device to Locate Touch DNA on Casework Samples

The use of a fluorescent dye to visualize cellular material on surfaces offers a targeted sampling approach for locating touch DNA on casework items. However, the current application of such dye is not feasible for examination of relatively large items. As a result, development of an efficient dye application system is required to translate this approach into practice. Here, the spray pattern (area covered, intensity, and evenness) of 15 different commercial spray devices was examined visually using food coloring. From this, five devices were selected to apply Diamond Nucleic Acid Dye (DD) to three substrates (glass slide, plastic sheet, and brown packing tape) seeded with saliva and touch DNA. The cellular material was visualized using the Dino-lite Microscope and Polilight. The inhibitory effects of DD afforded by each spray device were examined using Identifiler Plus^® DNA profiling kit and a DNA input of 800 pg. The two most promising devices were further tested on a range of mock casework items seeded with touch DNA. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of a spray system to apply DD to large surfaces and subsequently detect cellular material at both micro and macroscale. Specifically, the data suggest that a pressurized continuous-spray system is favorable and that droplet size influences the intensity of fluorescence and surface coverage. Furthermore, this study indicates that full STR profiles can be obtained following spraying with DD solution, even with excessive application, which is essential for the widespread use of these devices in casework.     

信息时代图书馆采访的发展策略

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论多波段光源在物证检验中的应用

光技术的应用在刑事科学技术领域极为广泛,无论是现场勘查,还是物证检验,光的检测是例行的第一步,它具有灵敏度高,不损害检材的特点.作为可提供多个波段光选择的多波段光源,集合了物证检验所需的多个光源之优势,能适应不同现场痕迹物证的寻找、采取及各种痕迹物证检验鉴定工作的需要.     

论刑事非法证据的证据能力

刑事非法证据的证据能力原则涉及犯罪控制和人权保障、实体公正与程序正义价值尖锐冲突.从两大法系主要国家立法及实践考察来看,结合我国立法现状及国情,我国非法证据的证据能力原则应当是非明文不排除.     

中国高等教育中"双语教学"的有效性解析

本文从中国实际出发,分析了影响教学质量的诸要素,从而对国内双语教学提出了客观中肯的评判。     

Characteristic Features of Hanging: A Study in Rural District of Central India

The ligature mark is the most relevant feature of hanging. This study was undertaken with a view to determine the characteristic features of hanging and its association with ligature material or mode of suspension. Of a total medicolegal deaths reported at an Apex Medical Centre, hanging was noted in 4.1% cases, all suicidal with mortality rate of 1.5 per 100,000 population per year. The hanging was complete in 67.7% with nylon rope as the commonest type of ligature material used for ligation. The hanging mark was usually single, situated above thyroid cartilage, incomplete, prominent, and directed toward nape of neck. The mark of dribbling of saliva was seen in 11.8% cases. Facial congestion, petechial hemorrhage, and cyanosis were significantly seen in partial hanging. Though occasionally reported, the argent line was noted in 78.7% hanging deaths with neck muscle hemorrhage in 23.6% cases. Fracture of neck structure was predominant in complete hanging.     

European Human Rights Law and the Normalisation of the ‘Closed Material Procedure’: Limit or Source?

Once a legal abnormality that was criticised on human rights grounds, the closed material procedure (CMP) has now become the main mechanism for dealing with allegedly sensitive security information in the UK. This article considers the role of European human rights law in that process. It argues that the CMP can be conceptualised as the product of human rights law, which has developed so as to legalise and normalise its use, and that this process is symptomatic of a deeper inter‐relationship between human rights law and the preservation of states' security interests, which renders the former inherently unsuitable for dealing with security phenomena.     

视听资料的证据能力及采信规则

视听资料在我国是一种独立的证据种类 ,它对民事案件过程的再现具有其他证据种类无法比拟的特性。但是 ,视听资料本身又包含有易被伪造、篡改的先天不足 ,瑕疵视听资料 (包括非法视听资料 )的证据能力该如何判断 ?视听资料在司法实践中的采信规则该如何把握 ?等问题 ,都是我们要面对且亟待解决的课题。本文主要就视听资料的证据能力及采信规则进行一番探讨 ,以为今后建立视听资料的有关具体制度作一些理论上的准备     

戒毒难之探索--吸毒复吸机理之新探

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