对船员工资优先权几个问题的再思考

不适格船员之工资请求权是否受船舶优先权担保,视对船员资质要求是否知情而定,应由船东负举证责任。在劳务派遣的情况下,船员向劳务公司主张工资时,不享有船舶优先权利益,但可依《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》直接向船东主张应得报酬及船舶优先权利益。以下两种情况,劳务公司对船东的债权都应受船舶优先权担保：一是劳务公司已按约支付其应为船员提供的相关报酬,却被船东拖欠租金;二是劳务公司代船东垫付应由后者支付的船员报酬。前者通过法律修改而实现,后者乃船舶优先权的转让。就船员工资优先权的行使而言,应尽可能免除船员申请扣船的担保;拍卖船舶的费用由法院垫付;满足条件的情况下应裁定准许对船员工资请求先予执行。     

试述民事诉讼中的第三人

针对目前学术界和司法实践中,对民事诉讼中的第三人的特征及其法律地位有着不同的见解,本文深入浅出地论述了有独立请求权的第三人与原诉当事人的关系、无独立请求权的第三人与原诉当事人的关系、第三人与共同诉讼人的区别、无独立请求权的第三人与证人的区别等问题。     

我国小额诉讼程序的构建

随着我国法制水平的不断提高,诉诸司法的纠纷将会越来越多,现有的审判力量已难负其重。而解决的有效途径之一就是构建小额诉讼程序,分流大量简单的民事案件,使当事人及法官从繁琐、低效的程序中解脱出来。     

刑事缺席审判制度研究

在诉讼效率日益凸显的现代刑事诉讼制度中,迫切需要解决由于犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃逸而给刑事诉讼顺利进行带来的难题,为此世界许多国家建立了缺席审判制度。我国随着经济的发展和对外交往的增多,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃避侦查、审判的现象日益突出,特别是贪官外逃事件愈演愈烈,引起了全社会的广泛关注。为了及时有效打击犯罪,解决涉案财产和有关赔偿问题,防止犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃避诉讼,避免因中止诉讼而导致的诉讼拖延等问题,我国有必要借鉴国外的有益做法,建立符合国情的刑事缺席审判制度。     

新《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》若干问题评析

此次人民检察院刑事诉讼规则修改能够遵循立法精神,体现了司法改革成果,回应了实践需求。新规则恢复了业务机构负责人的个案审核与监督管理权,虽有积极意义,但亦可能冲击司法责任制。执行时应注意司法责任制改革要求,保持谨慎与谦抑,同时应修改与细化相关规定,限制业务审核管理权限。对侦查(调查)中的职能管辖错位,规则要求以事实、证据状况作为是否退回移管的标准,还要求征求意见以确定案件处置,同时体现出程序不平等。相关规定欠妥,应以是否故意违法,即"善意管辖"和"恶意管辖"作为直接起诉或退回移管的基本标准。对二审检察机关审查一审检察机关的抗诉意见,规则允许变更、补充。这种抗诉理由的改变不包括抗诉请求及抗诉对象的变更。为维护审级制度和法律救济原则,不得在法律适用上超出公诉范围对被抗诉人作不利变更,但就事实证据问题,因可发回重审,可提出与公诉不同的抗诉理由。但应注意抗诉理由表达方式,同时可以斟酌设置"显而易见、无争辩余地"的量刑情节例外。     

Weaponization of the Land and Property Rights system in the Syrian civil war: facilitating restitution?

The Syrian civil war has seen the weaponization of its land and property rights system by the primary combatant groups in the country. The government is the most robust in its use of the tenure system to locate, target, destroy, confiscate, cleanse and gain revenue by way of the institutions and attributes comprising the system. Based on fieldwork with Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey, this article describes seven ways the Syrian government is currently using the land and property rights system in its military-on-civilian engagements. While the objective of such use is presumably to permanently prevail over opposition civilian constituencies, the article describes how this actually creates evidence usable for effective restitution of lands and properties subsequent to the war.     

抵销抗辩既判力及其客观范围研究

民事诉讼中的抵销抗辩虽然衍生于判决理由,但具有特殊性,即被赋予了既判力。但其特殊性也就要求了抵销抗辩产生既判力的情形有所不同。同时,抵销抗辩产生既判力也存在范围区间的问题,即客观范围。通过类型化的梳理,抵销抗辩在经过法院按照确定的审理流程实体审理后在抵销额度内产生既判力,无论是否认还是认可抵销抗辩,均产生既判力。也应当赋予"诉求债权和反对债权同时存在"和"诉求债权和反对债权因抵销而消灭"这两种判断以既判力。     

Strengthening the local representative system: the importance of electoral and non-electoral representation

Local democracy has increasingly faced problems such as declining voter turnout and decreasing trust in political parties. Certain forms of participatory democracy have been introduced to address political disengagement. Often these efforts do not deliver the envisaged results, as they exacerbate existing inequalities by attracting only certain groups of citizens. This paper takes a close look at representation to find out if and how it can strengthen local democracy. Non-electoral representation, as manifested by representative claims based on non-electoral grounds, such as identity and expertise, made by local councillors, as well as non-elected individuals and organisations, might serve to mitigate democratic problems. We empirically study manifestations of electoral and non-electoral representation and their interactions. We conclude that non-electoral representation can strengthen local democracy, but its relationship with electoral representation can also be problematic. We make suggestions as to how these problems might be overcome in an effort to strengthen the local representative system.     

论海事赔偿责任限制与船舶优先权制度的冲突及立法对策

由于立法的侧重点不同,海事赔偿责任限制与船舶优先权在制度设计上存在着一定的冲突,这种冲突使船舶优先权制度在某种意义上形同虚设.为了解决冲突,必须大胆革新现行立法,作者建议,结合船舶优先权的立法理由对基金的分配顺序进行调整,同时,船舶优先权的行使应当采用次序固定主义.只有这样,才能使两项法律制度的价值均得以实现.     

Dealing With IPR Cases

正China’s top court is mulling over the establishment of special courts on intellectual property rights New special courts for dealing with claims of infringement against intellectual property rights(IPRs)are expected to be