渤海溢油事故海洋生态损害赔偿法律问题研究

2011年我国渤海溢油事故引起了社会的强烈关注,尤其对我国海洋环境保护相关法律提出了挑战。在对渤海溢油事故所涉及的"海洋生态损害"的概念界定、责任主体与索赔主体、赔偿范围、索赔额度及评估标准等法律问题进行分析后,还将揭示该溢油事故对我国海洋生态损害赔偿制度的几点启示。     

The impact of the conflict in Gaza on antisemitism in Belgium

ABSTRACT

Taking Belgium as a case study, this article aims to assess the impact of a foreign conflict (the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Gaza Strip) on intergroup relations in Europe. It asks whether intensification of the conflict in Gaza increases the number of antisemitic incidents in Belgium, and makes use of a database of complaints to the Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding (Center of Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism), a federal anti-racism agency, and of an analysis of political claims-making in the written press. It is often stated that the conflict between Palestine and Israel leads to increased levels of antisemitism in Europe but rarely is this based on statistical analysis. The authors of this article undertook such an analysis and concluded that complaints about antisemitism in Belgium indeed showed a statistically significant increase during the Israeli military operation Cast Lead (December 2008–January 2009). Time series and intervention analysis on data spanning a period of one-and-a-half years, however, showed that this effect was not lasting and wore off after a couple of weeks. Apart from the temporary effect of the Gaza war on domestic intergroup relations, there seemed to be no systematic and continuous link between events in the Middle East and acts of antisemitism in Belgium.     

Dealing With IPR Cases

正China’s top court is mulling over the establishment of special courts on intellectual property rights New special courts for dealing with claims of infringement against intellectual property rights(IPRs)are expected to be     

Refugee status determination in Australia: breaking the rules?

This article looks at the asylum regime in Australia. In particular, it evaluates the procedures that are used to assess claims for asylum and the extent to which they meet international refugee and human rights standards. The article discusses four key issues in the adjudication programme: the appointment of decision-makers to tribunals that hear refugee applications, the accessibility of the review process by asylum seekers, questions relating to the efficiency of the procedures used and the mandatory detention system. It is argued that whereas Australia is party to the main international treaties that seek to protect refugees and asylum seekers, its asylum law and policy is in many ways inconsistent with international norms. To conclude, the author proposes the observance of human rights and refugee standards by asylum states. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

未到期债权在船舶拍卖中的法律地位

未到期债权在海事领域产生的问题日渐突出 ,但相关的海事法律法规没有对其做特别规定 ,实践中就难免出现未到期债权的法律地位不明确的状况。本文撷取其中一例加以探讨 ,即船舶拍卖中未到期债权的法律地位。运用“债权平等性”、“两分诉权”、“预期违约”等理论 ,对该类债权在船舶拍卖两个核心环节——债权登记和价款受偿——中的法律地位分别进行了详细的分析 ,并得出最终结论     

论外国法无法查明时的法律适用问题

我国关于外国法无法查明时的法律适用问题的立法及司法实践都仍存在一些不足。对于外国法无法查明时的法律适用问题,国际上主要有以下解决办法:推定外国法与法院地法相同并适用法院地法;法院地法作为辅助性准据法;驳回当事人的诉讼请求和抗辩;适用与本来应适用的法律相类似的外国法;适用辅助性连结点再次选择准据法;适用与当事人有最密切联系的国家的法律;适用一般法律原则。我国应借鉴他国法律规定的合理成分,在直接适用法院地法的做法上补之以适用与该外国法相类似的法律和与当事人有最密切联系的国家的法律以及一般法律原则作为选择。     

Village Self-Government and Representation in Southwest China

Villages in China are, according to recent law, “self-governed” by villager committees, whose members are elected by villagers and held accountable to villagers and villager representative assemblies. Previous studies have focused on the institutions of self-government, assuming that, if unimpeded, they will enhance both direct villager participation in governance and the representation of villager interests. In contrast, this article focuses on local understandings and ideals about political roles and relationships, as constructed through everyday political claims and practices. The article draws on qualitative research in four villages in Yunnan, southwest China. In these villages, neither cadres nor villagers used the word “represent” to characterise the role of members of village government. Furthermore, villagers could not explain what villager representatives do or what “representative” in the title “villager representative” means. This leads us to ask: How do village residents conceive the responsibilities of villager representatives and cadres? Is the lack of reference to “representation” merely a linguistic issue, or do they have a different conception of villager-cadre and villager-representative relationships? In addressing these questions, this article aims to enrich our understanding of village self-government in China and contribute to theorising about political representation.     

船舶遭遇到八级以上风并因此导致事故发生的认定

从"南京强泉运输贸易有限公司诉太平财产保险有限公司福建分公司"案入手,对八级风问题的由来、认定方法、与事故是否存在因果关系逐一梳理,在此基础上,总结概括出目前认定船舶是否遭遇到八级以上风并因此导致事故发生时应当选择的思路和方法。     

论功能性限定权利要求的解释

我国的立法和司法实践,对功能性限定权利要求存在两种不同的解释方法,给专利实务和司法实践带来了诸多难题。对功能性限定权利要求应该采用相同标准的解释方法,即采用具体加等同的解释方法,增加和完善相关规定,为解释方法的统一提供法律依据。     

诉讼标的之本土路径

美、德、日等国已在诉讼标的问题上作出了明确选择，而我国实务仍呈纷乱状态，至少有三条路径并存。既往的标的论低估了新、旧说之差异，高估了新说一次性解决纠纷之功效，诉讼标的相对论对新、旧说之折中并不合理。事件说在纠纷的一次性解决上最为彻底，而其缺陷其他诸说也有。国内法院普遍排斥竞合合并、预备合并，现行法苛待诉的变更，多数当事人系本人诉讼，故本土目前不具备采新说、事件说和相对论的条件，最高人民法院的新路径也不可采，只能采旧说。但应通过释明等措施尽力减少其负面效果，并朝新说乃至事件说努力。