Landscapes of power: local struggles and national stakes at the rural-urban fringe of Kabul,Afghanistan

This article shows the coexistence of the language of legal claims and the use of violence as constitutive modes of getting control over resources. Through the analysis of a specific case of land dispute east of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, we aim at revealing how local struggles are linked to broader geographies of power. Following important changes in the material conditions in Afghanistan, which have led to the expansion of the city and the transformation of the rural-urban fringe, territorialized power appears as a pre-condition to control the circulation of people, goods and money, information and ideas, allowing us to add landscapes, the circulation of land, to the five categories famously distinguished by Appadurai as a way of organizing the study of the world's culture and economy.     

Identity,procedures and performance: how authoritarian regimes legitimize their rule

ABSTRACT

Constructing convincing legitimacy claims is important for securing the stability of authoritarian regimes. However, extant research has struggled to systematically analyse how authoritarians substantiate their right to rule. We analyse a novel data set on authoritarian regimes’ claims to legitimacy that is based on leading country experts’ assessments of 98 states for the period 1991–2010. This analysis provides key new insights into the inner workings and legitimation strategies of current non-democratic regimes. Closed authoritarian regimes predominately rely on identity-based legitimacy claims (foundational myth, ideology and personalism). In contrast, elections fundamentally change how authoritarian rulers relate to society. In their legitimacy claims, electoral authoritarian regimes focus on their ‘adequate’ procedures, thereby mimicking democracies. All regimes also stress their purported success in proving material welfare and security to their citizens.     

论被保证人破产时保证债权的行使——从利益平衡视角分析

被保证人破产时保证债权的行使问题在破产法实务中是比较复杂而又具有重要意义的,从保证债权人和保证人的利益平衡的视角出发,对保证债权人债权、一般保证人先诉抗辩权和保证人追偿权关系进行分析,认为在不损害债权人利益的前提下,应当充分保障一般保证人先诉抗辩权和连带责任保证类型中特定情形下(债权人不申报破产债权并且通知了保证人)保证人的预先追偿权.我国担保法和最新的破产法都没有对这一问题做出科学规定,因而其完善成为我国当前现实之亟须.     

民事诉讼程序的简易化与小额诉讼程序的引入

普通程序与简易程序是民事诉讼程序中并立的两种基本程序构造。相对于普通程序而言，简易程序在诉讼效率方面有着明显的优势，它对于缓解日益增大的案件压力、扩大司法吸纳纠纷的能力具有积极意义。在追求民事诉讼程序简易化的背景之下，小额诉讼程序作为一种特殊的诉讼机制备受关注。因此，结合我国国情，探讨小额诉讼程序的引入等理论问题意义重大。     

刍议输血感染案件的法律责任

有关输血感染损害赔偿等医疗纠纷是近来医学界、法律界所经常涉及的话题 ,对此的研究存在着诸多的观点。本文对输血感染赔偿纠纷是否适用产品责任、是否存在侵权与违约的竞合以及无过错输血感染案件是否采用公平责任发表作者自己的观点。     

公法债权与私法债权的冲突及受偿顺位

本文以公法债权中的税收优先权为基点，首先厘清了公法债权的内部受偿顺位，然后讨论了税收优先权与私法债权优先权的竞合和受偿以及税收优先权与担保物权的竞合和受偿，试图从逻辑上理顺公法债权和私法债权的受偿顺位。     

“泰坦尼克”案与海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用

从有关海事赔偿责任限制的国际公约和一些国内法的规定,以及有关国家的司法实践来看,海事赔偿责任限制的法律冲突的解决,不应仅仅适用法院地法,同时还需要适用国际条约、船旗国法、最密切联系地法律和公共秩序保留原则等;同时,中国《海商法》的有关海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用的规定存在不足,需要进一步完善。     

部分请求理论的理性分析

部分请求涉及诉讼标的、既判力、诉的变更、诉讼时效的中断等众多诉讼理论,其核心问题是部分请求判决既判力的客观范围是否及于剩余债权,德、日等大陆法系国家的学者基于不同理论立场对此形成了多种学说。从“纠纷一次解决”和诉讼经济原则的角度考量,应当采纳否定说,原则上不允许当事人以分割债权的方式进行诉讼。在原告仅就部分债权提出请求时,其诉讼标的和判决既判力的范围应当及于包括剩余债权的全部债权。     

承运人在无单放货索赔中的抗辩

无单放货频频发生 ,导致对承运人提起的索赔案件不断发生。本文从承运人角度出发 ,对其所可能采取的事前防范措施和事后抗辩理由进行了一定的分析建议。     

Post-Hurricane Katrina Racialized Explanations as a System Threat: Implications for Whites’ and Blacks’ Racial Attitudes

This experiment drew upon theoretical perspectives on group and system justification to examine whether exposure to media coverage arguing that racism was responsible for the ineffective Hurricane Katrina disaster response affected White and Black Americans’ intergroup attitudes. Consistent with a system justification perspective, Whites exposed to video clips arguing that the hurricane Katrina disaster response was due to racism displayed greater racial ingroup attachment and ingroup love compared to Whites exposed to videos conveying that the government’s incompetence was to blame for the disaster response. In contrast, Blacks displayed strong levels of ingroup attachment and ingroup love across both video conditions. This research highlights how insights from social psychology are valuable in understanding psychological responses to social justice-related events, such as the tragic response to hurricane Katrina.