试论多元化纠纷解决机制的法理特征与困境

多元化纠纷解决机制是现实社会中解决矛盾与纠纷的重要手段,承载着解决民事纠纷的重要功能。其表现在法理上的特征值得仔细研究,对其司法调解中的限度问题值得关注,尤其是当前法治中的现实困境对纠纷解决机制也产生了不可忽视的影响。     

SETTLEMENT‐FOCUSED PARENTING PLAN CONSULTATIONS: AN EVALUATIVE MEDIATION ALTERNATIVE TO CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS

The divorce mediation field has recently seen the development of several “hybrid” alternative dispute resolution approaches to child custody disputes. The “settlement‐focused parenting plan consultation” (SFPPC) is a form of evaluative mediation, conducted by a “parenting plan consultant” (PPC), who possesses the combined expertise of a mediator and child custody evaluator. This hybrid model is a more expedient and considerably less expensive approach than a child custody evaluation, but preserves the hallmark mediation principle of self‐determination. The article describes the theory underlying the SFPPC, delineates the role requirements, procedures, and techniques of the parenting plan consultant, and addresses legal and ethical issues.     

刑事附带民事诉讼调解新路径

刑事附带民事诉讼是指司法机关在刑事诉讼过程中,在解决被告人刑事责任的同时,附带解决因被告人的犯罪行为所造成的物质损失的赔偿问题而进行的诉讼活动。在司法实践中,调解在刑事附带民事诉讼中已被广泛运用,在处理刑事附带民事案件中发挥了特殊的作用。调解作为解决民事纠纷的一种特殊制度,是促使双方当事人和解的一种结案方式和诉讼活动,具有方便、快捷、灵活、成本低廉和对抗性弱的特点。     

美国成年监护制度中的调解程序探析

目前世界上越来越多的国家都优先采用调解程序来解决成年监护制度中出现的难题,这是因为成年监护调解程序与成年监护诉讼程序相比具有得天独厚的优势,其主要体现在节约成本、提高效用和促使人际关系的和谐。基于我国成年监护制度的相对不完善,应借鉴美国在这方面的经验构建与我国国情相适应的成年监护制度调解程序。     

行政调解：内涵界定、法理基础和应然价值

相比于实践中行政调解的火热开展,行政调解在理论研究层面仍显不足。从各省市发布的有关行政调解规范性文件来看,各地对行政调解内涵仍不统一。理论上,由于受传统＂行政权不可处分＂原理之束缚,多数学者认为行政调解在我国不具有理论基础,且对行政调解这种非诉纠纷解决机制在法理层面的特有应然价值探讨甚少。本文主要从理论层面对行政调解的内涵、法理基础、应然价值进行反思和探讨,以弥补行政调解理论研究的不足。     

协动主义：诉讼与诉讼外纠纷解决机制关系定位——基于人民调解的制度规范与地方实践的分析

关于人民调解的规范文件贯彻了司法最终救济的理念,但由于各地方纠纷解决需要的差异,实践中形成的不同的诉讼外纠纷解决机制,模糊了诉讼与诉讼外纠纷解决机制的关系。构建一个功能互补的纠纷解决的生态系统,必须在确立司法权威的同时,按照解纷合意获得的不同样式,确定诉讼外纠纷解决机制与诉讼的程序协动关系。     

中国古代法上的和离

和离指夫妻双方因情意不协而自愿离婚的制度,它与七出、义绝共同构成中国古代法上的离婚制度。和离之制渊源于《周礼》,自唐代始进入法典,形成正式制度,后代基本相沿不变。该制强调婚姻的两相情愿,不受外力强制的特性。它广泛应用于一般民众,但对宗室成员和官员有不同程度的限制。考察现有案例可见,和离之法对保护女方平等的离婚意愿及女方的财产都有一定价值,但司法过程中表现出的对女方离婚诉求的抑制也反映出中国古代礼法结合、维护家族利益的特点。     

区域经济发展的法制协调机制浅析

区域经济的协调发展需要有统一、完善的法制作保障。国家统一的法制往往满足不了特定区域经济协调发展的需求,而地方性法规和规章又只能在本行政区域内发生作用,且地方立法之间往往存在着冲突。借鉴美国的法制协调经验,构建我国的区域法制协调机制,有利于我国区域经济的协调发展。     

BEST PRACTICES FOR MEDIATION TRAINING AND REGULATION: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

This article makes recommendations as to “Best Practices” for the training of mediators in court‐connected settings. The authors’ findings cover issues including the design of training programs, the importance of experiential learning through role‐plays, teaching methods for adult learners, class size and length, training ethical mediators, suggested trainer qualifications, and recommended regulatory practices for administrators. Data comes primarily from an assessment of mediation training and regulation in Florida, but the findings hold insights for court‐connected mediation programs throughout the United States. Additionally, the authors highlight the benefits of a collaborative assessment approach involving all stakeholder groups and facilitating smooth implementation of any needed changes.     

REPRESENTATION DISPARITIES AND IMPARTIALITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTY PERCEPTION OF FEAR,PREPARATION, AND SATISFACTION IN DIVORCE MEDIATION WHEN ONLY ONE PARTY HAS COUNSEL

While other authors have regarded both the presence and the absence of attorneys in family law mediation as cause for concern, little attention has been given to the questions raised when one party is represented and the other is pro se. This article presents data on mediating parties' premediation concerns, fears, and feelings of preparedness, as well as their postmediation satisfaction with the mediation process. The mediating parties are grouped based on each couple's representation status, for example, both represented by attorneys, both pro se, or one attorney‐represented party and one pro se party (mixed representation cases). The data show that mixed representation cases are the most likely to report concern, fear, and unpreparedness. Mixed‐representation cases also reported the lowest levels of satisfaction after the mediation. Some implications for mediation practice are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.