A Latent Variable Analysis of General Strain Theory

Strain theory has returned to the forefront of criminological theory and research, due primarily to the general strain model developed by Robert Agnew. Agnew posits that a broad range of negative social relations comprises strain and that these straining mechanisms lead to delinquent behavior and other maladaptive functioning. Moreover, strain has its strongest effect on delinquency when certain coping strategies are attenuated or when delinquent peers reinforce perceptions of strain. Although several studies have now shown the utility of general strain theory as an explanation of delinquency, they have relied mainly on cross-sectional effects or two-wave panel designs using methods that fail to consider measurement error or autocorrelated errors. In this study we extend these analyses by estimating a latent variable structural equation model that examines the effects of strain—operationalized as negative life events—on conventional attachment and delinquency over a 3-year period. Furthermore, we directly assess Agnew's coping strategies hypotheses by stratifying the models by self-efficacy, self-esteem, and peer delinquency. The results indicate that significant longitudinal effects of strain on delinquency emerge during year 3 but that these effects are not conditioned by self-efficacy or self-esteem. Changes in strain also affect changes in delinquency, but only among those who report no delinquent peers. We do find, however, that over the initial 2 years strain has a negative effect on delinquency among those high in self-efficacy, self-esteem, or delinquent peers. The findings are discussed in terms of Agnew's theory.     

妨害清算案件侦查中存在的问题及相应对策

妨害清算案件是经济犯罪活动中作案手段专业化程度较高的一类特殊案件。侦查实践中存在着立法交叉重复、侦查人员素质的提高相对滞后、与工商行政管理部门协作机制不健全、证据标准不完备等问题 ,影响了办案质量与侦查效率。为此 ,必须采取相应对策 ,提高妨害清算案件的打击力度与侦查水平。     

文化全球化与辽宁老工业基地振兴——兼论日本、韩国发展文化产业的经验借鉴

文化全球化是伴随经济全球化必然到来的社会现象,它带来了全球范围内不同文化的交融、碰撞,这对辽宁老工业基地的振兴也产生了极大的影响。优先发展先进的文化生产力、建立健全文化创新体系、公共文化服务体系和现代文化市场体系,借鉴日本、韩国发展文化产业的有益经验,是文化全球化条件下辽宁老工业基地振兴必然的战略和策略选择。     

地理标志战略与西部大开发

实施地理标志战略,开发、利用、管理和保护好本地区地理标志资源,对于西部地区的大开发具有重要意义;实施地理标志战略,是实施西部大开发和实施知识产权战略的最好切入点.西部地区在保护、利用地理标志方面还存在不少问题,解决好这些问题并确立和实施地理标志战略,本身就是抓好西部大开发的一项内容之一,它同西部大开发战略和其他知识产权战略一起,可以共同助推西部地区经济社会协调发展.     

我国公安基层交警心理压力问题探析

基层交警从事的职业是一种压力较大的工作,长期的工作压力会对基层交警的生理和心理造成极大的危害。管理机构应采取相应措施,缓解交警的心理压力;交警个体也需要掌握一些排除心理压力的策略和技巧,以保持身心健康,提高工作效率。     

The Psychosocial Well-Being of African Refugees in Winnipeg: Critical Stressors and Coping Strategies

Using a photovoice approach, this study explores stressing factors for African refugees after resettlement in Canada and the strategies they adopt to cope. The study used a purposive sampling procedure to recruit 15 participants (8 women and 7 men). Participants took part in a three-phase process of picture taking, one-on-one interviews, and focus group discussions on the selected pictures. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data. Identified stressors included social relationship ruptures, lack of understanding of the new culture, unemployment, and navigating unfamiliar laws and regulations. Coping strategies and recommendations for policies and best practices are discussed.     

Lesbian and Gay Immigrants' Post-Migration Experiences: An Integrative Literature Review

This integrative literature review synthesizes recent empirical knowledge about lesbian and gay immigrants' post-migration experiences. Twenty-four studies with various designs are included. The literature shows that those immigrants encounter some opportunities but also many challenges on economical, social and identity levels, thus soliciting coping strategies. Results are synthesized under five topics: the delicate situation in which they find themselves for revealing their lesbian or gay sexual orientation; the racist and homophobic discrimination they can experience; their renegotiation of socioeconomic status; the identity and affiliation challenges they have to overcome; and the hardships that can impact their health.     

Governing environmental conflicts: A comparative analysis of ten protests against industrial facilities in urban China

With the increasing numbers of environmental conflicts in recent years, Chinese local governments are deploying a variety of strategies to address them. Using the method of agreement and the method of difference, this article explores the question of why local governments adopt particular strategies during conflicts over the construction or operation of industrial facilities. The findings reveal that the position of higher-level governments, the costs involved in adapting projects and the threats posed by the form of protest to social stability are important conditions in explaining the differences in the patterns of government strategies. The authoritarian responsiveness that characterises Chinese government strategies results in high political, economic and environmental costs. The big challenge for Chinese governments is to develop policies, institutions and capacities to deal with environmental concerns in a more proactive and balanced way.     

网络视野下的恐怖主义及应对

凭借现代通信技术的发展,恐怖主义以网络化的组织形式将其极端活动秘密推向世界各地。本研究旨在针对国际恐怖主义的发展特点,以网络的视角观察和分析恐怖组织结构的变化,描述国际恐怖主义网络化特点,评估网络化恐怖主义带来的威胁及挑战,并从中探讨反恐的新思路和打击策略。     

论制药企业思想政治工作创新策略

近年来,我国制药企业在激烈的市场竞争中,其生存和发展环境正发生着复杂而深刻的变化,制药企业的思想政治工作遇到了大量的新情况,面临着一些新挑战。因此,制药企业的思想政治工作也的创新显得尤为重要。