媒介议程设置功能的心理学观点

由记者和编辑画的认知地图和李普曼认为受众头脑中的图像两者之间是否存在着一一对应关系,值得我们探讨。如果这个关系存在,我们就有理由认为,媒介确实能够影响我们头脑中的形象。就像科恩讲的那样,媒介确实能够影响人们在想些什么。按照阿托尼.梅耶的三个现实的划分,实际上我们是在寻找通过内容分析法获得的符号真实与通过“认知树”法获得的主观真实两者之间的对应关系。     

对“客观真实观”的几点批判

"客观真实说"尽管确实有一定的合理性,但它仅仅将刑事审判看做一种认识活动,抹杀了诉讼中的认识活动与哲学家、历史学家、自然科学家视野下的认识活动之间的界限,并且将这种以"重构已然事件"为目标的认识活动绝对化,不仅不符合认识的发展规律,也排除了人的主观性以及其他诉讼价值存在的可能性.因而,"客观真实说"的缺陷是极其明显的.相比而言,"法律真实说"能够较为恰当地表述刑事审判所认定事实的准确性程度,符合刑事审判的性质,能合理地解决实体公正价值与程序公正价值之间的冲突.尤其是,"法律真实说"具有可操作性,符合认识发展的规律.     

“I didn’t do it,but if I did I had a good reason”: Minimization,Denial, and Attributions of Blame Among Male and Female Domestic Violence Offenders

Women are increasingly being arrested and prosecuted for assaulting an intimate partner. Whereas extensive research has been conducted to identify the treatment needs of male domestic violence offenders, few studies have examined females convicted of the same charges. In the present study 1,267 men and 159 women convicted of intimate partner abuse were compared on scales assessing attributions of blame for their recent offense, minimization, denial, and socially desirable responding. Research with male offenders has identified these factors as important treatment targets, as they appear to influence an offenders risk for noncompliance and recidivism. The results of the study suggest that both male and female domestic violence offenders engage in socially desirable responding during court-ordered evaluations, that both attribute greater blame for the recent offense to their spouse/partner than they acknowledge for themselves, and that significant numbers of both genders deny the recent incident and/or minimize the severity of the offense. Areas for further research are highlighted along with a discussion of the implications of these findings for practitioners.     

反垄断法中垄断的经济分析及对我国的启示

反垄断既是一个经济问题,又是一个复杂的法律问题。文章通过阐述经济学在反垄断法中的作用,进而运用经济理论分析了反垄断法中的垄断适度与否的问题,指出垄断与有效竞争相容时就是垄断适度,其观点对我国反垄断立法具有一定的启示与借鉴意义。     

实践的本质及实践对认识的意义--也谈马克思哲学的实践概念并与刘国章博士商榷

在马克思的"新唯物主义"哲学中,实践指的是人们改造世界的感性物质活动,改造性、物质性是实践区别于意识活动的最深刻的本质特性.正是实践,构成意识的现实物质基础.把实践区分为"认识性实践"和"改造性实践",实际上就把"改造性"看做只是某些实践而不是所有实践所具有的本质特性,把为认识提供现实基础看做是某些实践而不是全部实践所具有的功能,这不是对马克思主义哲学的实践范畴的正确理解.     

个人生活规则的探索与修正——韦斯勒之认知评价疗法的当代解读

认知评价疗法的核心概念是"个人生活规则",它是指个体的一种认知结构,代表个体对心理和社会性事件的法则化的看法和道德伦理的规定性。个体所产生的各种情绪和对自我的看法、评价皆与个人生活规则相关。个体心理问题之所以出现,在于个体所持有的个人生活规则缺乏一定的适应性,故心理治疗就是要对个人生活规则加以调整和修正。认知评价疗法吸收了诸多人文主义的观点,体现了心理疗法间相互融合的趋势。     

医事赔偿若干法律问题研究——对92例医疗损害赔偿诉讼案的法律分析

目的　对医疗损害赔偿诉讼中相关法律问题进行研究,并提出相关的司法建议。方法　对１９９５～１９９８ 年法院、律师事务所、报刊杂志和本人代理收集的９２ 例医疗损害赔偿诉讼案件相关因素分析。结果　（１） 适用法律情况：民法通则７７ 例（８３．７ ％ ）,《办法》６ 例（６．５２ ％ ） ,民法通则和《办法》３ 例（３．２６ ％ ） ,民法通则和消费者保护法３ 例（３．２６ ％ ） ,民法通则和产品质量法３ 例（３．２６ ％ ） 。（２） 赔偿事由：医疗事故５２ 例（５６．５２ ％ ） ,医疗差错６ 例（６．５２ ％ ） ,医疗意外６ 例（６．５２ ％ ） ,医疗侵权２８ 例（３０．４３ ％ ） 。（３） 认定机构：医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定５４ 例（５８．７ ％ ） ,法医鉴定机构鉴定１５ 例（１６．３ ％ ） ,法院自行认定２３ 例（２５ ％ ） 。（４） 赔偿范围：经济补偿６ 例（６．５２ ％ ） ,经济赔偿５５ 例（５８．７８ ％ ） ,经济赔偿并补偿３ 例（３．２６ ％ ） ,经济赔偿并精神损害赔偿２８ 例（３０．４ ％ ） 。结论　（１） 医事赔偿适用法律随意性大,倾向于适用民法通则;（２） 医事赔偿事由扩大;（３） 医疗损害定性操作不一;（４） 医事赔偿范围增大且金额剧增     

妨害清算案件侦查中存在的问题及相应对策

妨害清算案件是经济犯罪活动中作案手段专业化程度较高的一类特殊案件。侦查实践中存在着立法交叉重复、侦查人员素质的提高相对滞后、与工商行政管理部门协作机制不健全、证据标准不完备等问题 ,影响了办案质量与侦查效率。为此 ,必须采取相应对策 ,提高妨害清算案件的打击力度与侦查水平。     

Cognitive limitations and affirmative action: The effects of aggregate versus sequential data in the perception of discrimination

The present experiment examined whether or not relatively simple cognitive and information-processing limitations may prevent us from recognizing instances of organizational discrimination. It was hypothesized that the perception of discrimination would be more difficult when the relevant information had been presented in a case-by-case basis rather than in aggregate format. The obtained results provided strong support for the original hypothesis. Subjects who had been presented with company data in aggregate format provided significantly higher ratings of discrimination than those subjects for whom the information had been presented in sequential form. The implications of these findings to the policy of affirmative action are also discussed.     

The Direct and Indirect Effects of Domestic Violence on Young Children's Intellectual Functioning

This study examined the direct and indirect effects of domestic violence on preschoolers' intellectual functioning. The sample consisted of 100 women and their 3–5-year-old children (44 boys and 56 girls) recruited from the general community. Forty-three percent of mothers had experienced domestic violence within the last year, defined by at least one physically aggressive act by an intimate partner. Children who had witnessed domestic violence had significantly poorer verbal abilities than nonwitnesses after controlling for SES and child abuse, but there were no group differences on visual–spatial abilities. Domestic violence also indirectly affected both types of intellectual abilities through its impact on maternal depression and the intellectual quality of the home environment. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, as well as the implications for interventions for young child witnesses.